Ordinance
on Air Pollution Control
(OAPC)

¹ This Or­din­ance is in­ten­ded to pro­tect hu­man be­ings, an­im­als and plants, their bio­lo­gic­al com­munit­ies and hab­it­ats, and the soil against harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances caused by air pol­lu­tion.

² It reg­u­lates:

a.

the pre­vent­ive lim­it­ing of emis­sions from in­stall­a­tions, as defined in Art­icle 7 of the Act, which pol­lute the air;

a^bis.²

open-air waste in­cin­er­a­tion;

b.

re­quire­ments for thermal and mo­tor fuels;

c.

max­im­um per­mit­ted am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels (am­bi­ent lim­it val­ues);

d.

the pro­ced­ure in the event of ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels.

¹ Sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions means:

a.

build­ings and oth­er fixed struc­tures;

b.

ter­rain modi­fic­a­tions;

c.

equip­ment and ma­chines;

d.

vent­il­a­tion sys­tems which col­lect vehicle flue gases and dis­charge them as waste air in­to the en­vir­on­ment.

² Vehicles means mo­tor vehicles, air­craft, ships and rail­ways.

³ Trans­port in­fra­struc­ture means roads, air­fields, rail­way tracks and oth­er in­stall­a­tions where vehicle flue gases are re­leased in­to the en­vir­on­ment as waste air without be­ing col­lec­ted.

⁴ New in­stall­a­tions also in­cludes in­stall­a­tions which are altered, ex­ten­ded or re­paired if:

a.

high­er or dif­fer­ent emis­sions are to be ex­pec­ted as a res­ult; or

b.

the costs in­curred amount to more than half those of a new in­stall­a­tion.

⁵ Am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are ex­cess­ive if one or more of the am­bi­ent lim­it val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 7 is ex­ceeded. If no such lim­it val­ues are spe­cified for a pol­lut­ant, am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels shall be con­sidered ex­cess­ive if:

a.

they en­danger hu­man be­ings, an­im­als, plants or their bio­lo­gic­al com­munit­ies or hab­it­ats;

b.

a sur­vey es­tab­lishes that they sig­ni­fic­antly af­fect the well-be­ing of a sub­stan­tial pro­por­tion of the pop­u­la­tion;

c.

they dam­age build­ings; or

d.

they harm soil fer­til­ity, ve­get­a­tion or wa­ters.

⁶ Pla­cing on the mar­ket means the trans­fer or dis­pos­al for the first time, wheth­er or not for con­sid­er­a­tion, of equip­ment or ma­chines for dis­tri­bu­tion or use in Switzer­land. Equi­val­ent to pla­cing on the mar­ket is the com­mis­sion­ing, for the first time, of equip­ment or ma­chines at one's own en­ter­prise in cases where pla­cing on the mar­ket has not pre­vi­ously oc­curred.³

¹ New sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions shall be equipped and op­er­ated in such a way that they com­ply with the emis­sion lim­its spe­cified in An­nex 1.

² Ad­di­tion­al or dif­fer­ent re­quire­ments ap­ply in the case of the fol­low­ing in­stall­a­tions:

a.

in­stall­a­tions lis­ted in An­nex 2: the re­quire­ments spe­cified therein;

b.

com­bus­tion in­stall­a­tions: the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 3;

c.⁴

con­struc­tion ma­chines and particle fil­ter sys­tems as spe­cified in Art­icle 19a, and ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines as spe­cified in Art­icle 20b: the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 4.

¹ Emis­sions for which no lim­it is spe­cified in this Or­din­ance or for which a par­tic­u­lar lim­it is de­clared not to ap­ply, shall be lim­ited pre­vent­ively by the au­thor­it­ies as far as is tech­nic­ally and op­er­a­tion­ally feas­ible and eco­nom­ic­ally ac­cept­able.

² Emis­sion lim­it­a­tion meas­ures are tech­nic­ally and op­er­a­tion­ally feas­ible if they:

a.

have been suc­cess­fully tested at com­par­able in­stall­a­tions in Switzer­land or abroad; or

b.

have been suc­cess­fully ap­plied in ex­per­i­ments and can be trans­ferred to oth­er in­stall­a­tions from a tech­no­lo­gic­al per­spect­ive.

³ The as­sess­ment of the eco­nom­ic ac­cept­ab­il­ity of emis­sion lim­it­a­tions shall be based on an av­er­age, eco­nom­ic­ally sound en­ter­prise in the rel­ev­ant sec­tor. If a par­tic­u­lar sec­tor con­tains widely dif­fer­ing classes of en­ter­prises, the as­sess­ment shall be based on an av­er­age en­ter­prise of the rel­ev­ant class.

¹ If an in­di­vidu­al planned in­stall­a­tion is ex­pec­ted to cause ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels even though the pre­vent­ive emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments are met, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der ad­di­tion­al or stricter emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments for the in­stall­a­tion con­cerned.

² The emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments are to be sup­ple­men­ted or tightened to such an ex­tent that no ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are caused.

¹ Emis­sions shall be cap­tured as fully and as close to the source as pos­sible and shall be re­moved in such a way as to pre­vent ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels.⁶

² They shall gen­er­ally be dis­charged above roof level via stacks or waste air ducts.

³ An­nex 6 ap­plies to stacks. If the re­quired stack height H can­not be real­ised, or if the para­met­er H₀ is more than 100 m, the au­thor­it­ies shall as an al­tern­at­ive tight­en the emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nexes 1–3.

The pro­vi­sions con­cern­ing the pre­vent­ive lim­it­ing of emis­sions from new sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions (Art­icles 3, 4 and 6) also ap­ply to ex­ist­ing sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions.

¹ The au­thor­it­ies shall en­sure that ex­ist­ing sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions which do not meet the re­quire­ments of this Or­din­ance un­der­go ret­ro­fit­ting.

² They shall is­sue the ne­ces­sary rul­ings, spe­cify­ing the time lim­it for ret­ro­fit­ting in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 10. If ne­ces­sary, they shall or­der op­er­at­ing re­stric­tions or the shut­down of the in­stall­a­tion for the dur­a­tion of the ret­ro­fit­ting work.⁷

³ Ret­ro­fit­ting need not be car­ried out if the own­er un­der­takes to shut down the in­stall­a­tion with­in the time lim­it set for ret­ro­fit­ting.

¹ If it is es­tab­lished that an in­di­vidu­al ex­ist­ing in­stall­a­tion is caus­ing ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels even if the pre­vent­ive emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments are com­plied with, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der ad­di­tion­al or stricter emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments for the in­stall­a­tion con­cerned.

² The emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments are to be sup­ple­men­ted or tightened to such an ex­tent that ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are no longer caused.

³ The ad­di­tion­al or stricter emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments are to be im­posed by means of ret­ro­fit­ting rul­ings with time lim­its set in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 10, para­graph 2. If ne­ces­sary, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der op­er­at­ing re­stric­tions or the shut­down of the in­stall­a­tion for the dur­a­tion of the ret­ro­fit­ting work.

⁴ If ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are caused by more than one in­stall­a­tion, the pro­ced­ure spe­cified in Art­icles 31–34 shall be fol­lowed.

¹ The stand­ard time lim­it for ret­ro­fit­ting is five years.

² Short­er time lim­its, but not less than 30 days, shall be set if:

a.

ret­ro­fit­ting can be car­ried out without sig­ni­fic­ant in­vest­ments;

b.

emis­sions are more than three times the value spe­cified for the pre­vent­ive lim­it­ing of emis­sions; or

c.

am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels caused by the in­stall­a­tion alone are ex­cess­ive.

³ Longer time lim­its, up to a max­im­um of ten years, shall be set if:

a.

emis­sions are less than one-and-a-half times the value ap­plic­able for the pre­vent­ive lim­it­ing of emis­sions, or the pro­vi­sions con­cern­ing flue gas losses are not com­plied with; and

b.

neither let­ter a nor let­ter c of para­graph 2 is met.

⁴ The above is without pre­ju­dice to the or­der­ing of short­er time lim­its for ret­ro­fit­ting in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 32.

¹ On re­quest, the au­thor­it­ies shall grant re­lief to the own­er of an in­stall­a­tion if ret­ro­fit­ting in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 8 and 10 would be dis­pro­por­tion­ate, in par­tic­u­lar not tech­nic­ally or op­er­a­tion­ally feas­ible, or eco­nom­ic­ally un­ac­cept­able.

² By way of re­lief, the au­thor­it­ies may in the first in­stance grant longer time lim­its. If the grant­ing of longer time lim­its is not suf­fi­cient, the au­thor­it­ies shall spe­cify less strict emis­sion lim­its.

¹ Any per­son who op­er­ates or wishes to con­struct an in­stall­a­tion which causes air pol­lu­tion shall provide the au­thor­it­ies with in­form­a­tion on:

a.

the type and level of emis­sions;

b.

the re­lease loc­a­tion, re­lease height and time course of emis­sions;

c.

oth­er re­lease con­di­tions re­quired for the as­sess­ment of emis­sions.

² The emis­sion de­clar­a­tion may be based on meas­ure­ments or on ma­ter­i­al bal­ances of the sub­stances used.

¹ The au­thor­it­ies shall mon­it­or com­pli­ance with emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments. They shall carry out their own emis­sion meas­ure­ments or in­spec­tions or shall have these car­ried out on their be­half.

² If pos­sible, the first meas­ure­ment (ac­cept­ance meas­ure­ment) or in­spec­tion must be car­ried out with­in three months, but no later than twelve months after the com­mis­sion­ing of the new or ret­ro­fit­ted in­stall­a­tion. The fore­go­ing is without pre­ju­dice to dif­fer­ent pro­vi­sions in An­nex 3.⁹

³ The meas­ure­ment or in­spec­tion is gen­er­ally to be re­peated as fol­lows, without pre­ju­dice to pro­vi­sions to the con­trary spe­cified in An­nexes 2, 3 and 4:

a.

every four years for wood-fired boil­ers as spe­cified in An­nex 5 Num­ber 31 para­graph 1 let­ter a, b or d Num­ber 1 with a rated thermal in­put of up to 70 kW and for gas-fired in­stall­a­tions with a rated thermal in­put of up to 1 MW;

b.

every two years for oth­er com­bus­tion in­stall­a­tions

c.¹⁰

every three years for oth­er in­stall­a­tions.¹¹

⁴ In the case of in­stall­a­tions which may pro­duce sig­ni­fic­ant levels of emis­sions, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der con­tinu­ous meas­ure­ment and re­cord­ing of emis­sions, or of an­oth­er op­er­at­ing para­met­er which per­mits emis­sion con­trol.

¹ Where an au­thor­ity ar­ranges for emis­sion meas­ure­ments and in­spec­tions in terms of Art­icle 13 to be car­ried out by third parties, it must reg­u­larly check wheth­er the third party con­cerned has suf­fi­cient know­ledge of the re­cog­nised rules of met­ro­logy.

² The au­thor­ity may dis­pense with the reg­u­lar check un­der para­graph 1 if the third party only car­ries out meas­ure­ments and in­spec­tions for which sim­pli­fied meas­ure­ment pro­ced­ures are provided.

¹ The meas­ure­ments must cov­er the op­er­at­ing con­di­tions which are rel­ev­ant for as­sess­ment pur­poses. If ne­ces­sary, the au­thor­it­ies shall spe­cify the type and ex­tent of meas­ure­ments re­quired and the op­er­at­ing con­di­tions to be covered.

² Emis­sion meas­ure­ments shall be car­ried out ac­cord­ing to the re­cog­nised rules of met­ro­logy. The Fed­er­al Of­fice for the En­vir­on­ment (FOEN) shall is­sue re­com­mend­a­tions on car­ry­ing out the meas­ure­ments. The tech­nic­al re­quire­ments for meas­ure­ment sys­tems and meas­ure­ment sta­bil­ity are those spe­cified in the Or­din­ance of 15 Feb­ru­ary 2006¹³ on Meas­ur­ing In­stru­ments and the im­ple­ment­ing pro­vi­sions is­sued by the Fed­er­al De­part­ment of Justice and Po­lice.¹⁴

³ The own­er of the in­stall­a­tion to be in­spec­ted shall set up and make ac­cess­ible suit­able meas­ur­ing sta­tions in ac­cord­ance with in­struc­tions is­sued by the au­thor­it­ies.

⁴ The meas­ured and cal­cu­lated val­ues, the meas­ure­ment meth­ods used and the op­er­at­ing con­di­tions at the in­stall­a­tion at the time the meas­ure­ments were per­formed shall be re­cor­ded in a meas­ure­ment re­port.

¹ The meas­ured val­ues shall be cor­rec­ted to the ref­er­ence val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 1 Num­ber 23.

² Un­less oth­er­wise spe­cified in An­nexes 1–4, the val­ues cal­cu­lated in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 1 are to be ex­pressed as hourly mean val­ues for the as­sess­ment. In jus­ti­fied cases, the au­thor­it­ies may spe­cify oth­er suit­able av­er­aging peri­ods.

³ In the case of ap­prov­al and con­trol meas­ure­ments, emis­sion con­trol re­quire­ments shall be re­garded as hav­ing been com­plied with if none of the mean val­ues de­term­ined in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 2 ex­ceeds the lim­it value.

⁴ In the case of con­tinu­ous meas­ure­ments, emis­sion lim­it val­ues shall be re­garded as hav­ing been com­plied with if, with­in a cal­en­dar year:

a.

none of the daily mean val­ues ex­ceeds the emis­sion lim­it value;

b.

97% of all the hourly mean val­ues are no more than 1.2 times the lim­it value; and

c.

none of the hourly mean val­ues is more than twice the lim­it value.

⁵ The au­thor­it­ies shall take ac­count of the par­tic­u­lar cir­cum­stances when as­sess­ing emis­sions dur­ing start-up and shut-down peri­ods.

¹ A by­pass line may only be used to pro­tect flue gas clean­ing sys­tems with the ap­prov­al of the au­thor­it­ies.

² If sig­ni­fic­ant emis­sions could oc­cur as a res­ult of the use of by­pass lines or dur­ing mal­func­tions, the au­thor­it­ies shall spe­cify what meas­ures are to be taken.

³ The au­thor­it­ies may spe­cify lower emis­sion lim­its for fixed in­stall­a­tions if it is proven that the chem­ic­als re­quired to op­er­ate the flue gas clean­ing sys­tems are not avail­able. Lower emis­sion lim­its are not per­mit­ted for highly tox­ic or car­ci­no­gen­ic sub­stances.¹⁶

In ac­cord­ance with le­gis­la­tion on road trans­port, avi­ation, ship­ping and rail­ways, pre­vent­ive meas­ures shall be taken to con­trol emis­sions from vehicles as far as is tech­nic­ally and op­er­a­tion­ally feas­ible and eco­nom­ic­ally ac­cept­able.

In the case of trans­port in­fra­struc­ture, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der such meas­ures as are tech­nic­ally and op­er­a­tion­ally feas­ible and eco­nom­ic­ally ac­cept­able in or­der to con­trol traffic-re­lated emis­sions.

If vehicles or trans­port in­fra­struc­ture have been shown or are ex­pec­ted to cause ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels, the pro­ced­ure spe­cified in Art­icles 31–34 shall be fol­lowed.

¹ Ma­chines and equip­ment for use on con­struc­tion sites with in­tern­al com­bus­tion com­pres­sion-ig­ni­tion en­gines hav­ing a power out­put of more than 18 kW (con­struc­tion ma­chines) shall com­ply with the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 4 Num­ber 3.

² ...¹⁸

³ Con­struc­tion ma­chines are only to be op­er­ated with a particle fil­ter sys­tem whose con­form­ity with the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 4 Num­bers 32 and 33 has been demon­strated.

⁴ The au­thor­ity may on re­quest grant ex­emp­tions from the re­quire­ments set out in An­nex 4 Num­ber 3 for con­struc­tion equip­ment used for test or demon­stra­tion pur­poses. The ex­emp­tions are gran­ted for a max­im­um of 10 days.¹⁹

¹ Proof of con­form­ity com­prises:

a.

a cer­ti­fic­ate is­sued by a con­form­ity as­sess­ment body as spe­cified in Art­icle 18 of the Fed­er­al Act of 6 Oc­to­ber 1995²⁰ on Tech­nic­al Bar­ri­ers to Trade (TBA) to the ef­fect that the type of con­struc­tion ma­chine or particle fil­ter sys­tem meets the re­quire­ments of An­nex 4 Num­ber 3 (cer­ti­fic­ate of con­form­ity);

b.

a de­clar­a­tion by the man­u­fac­turer or im­port­er that the con­struc­tion ma­chines or particle fil­ter sys­tems to be placed on the mar­ket con­form to the tested types (de­clar­a­tion of con­form­ity), in­clud­ing the fol­low­ing de­tails:

1.

name and ad­dress of the man­u­fac­turer or im­port­er,

2.

des­ig­na­tion of the type of con­struc­tion ma­chine, en­gine and particle re­duc­tion sys­tem,

3.

year of man­u­fac­ture and seri­al num­bers of the con­struc­tion ma­chine, en­gine and particle fil­ter sys­tem,

4.

name and ad­dress of the con­form­ity as­sess­ment body and num­ber of the cer­ti­fic­ate of con­form­ity,

5.

name and func­tion of the per­son sign­ing the de­clar­a­tion of con­form­ity for the man­u­fac­turer or im­port­er,

6.

the pre­cise loc­a­tion of the mark­ings on the con­struc­tion ma­chine; and

c.

mark­ings as spe­cified in An­nex 4 Num­ber 33.

^1bis For con­struc­tion ma­chines that meet the re­quire­ments of An­nex II of Reg­u­la­tion (EU) No 2016/1628²¹, proof of con­form­ity com­prises type ap­prov­al by a mem­ber state of the European Uni­on for the en­gine type or the en­gine fam­ily in ac­cord­ance with Reg­u­la­tion (EU) No 2016/1628.²²

² The con­form­ity as­sess­ment bod­ies shall send cer­ti­fic­ates of con­form­ity, to­geth­er with the rel­ev­ant test re­ports, to the FOEN. The FOEN shall pub­lish lists of com­pli­ant particle fil­ter sys­tem and en­gine types.²³

³ The man­u­fac­turer or im­port­er shall re­tain the de­clar­a­tion of con­form­ity for ten years after pla­cing the con­struc­tion ma­chine or particle fil­ter sys­tem on the mar­ket.

¹ Mo­bile ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines that are not in­ten­ded for use on the roads (ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines) must sat­is­fy the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 4 Num­ber 4.

² New ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines may only be placed on the mar­ket if the con­form­ity of the en­gines with the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 4 Num­ber 4 has been demon­strated (Art. 20c).

¹ Proof of con­form­ity com­prises:

a.

type-ap­prov­al gran­ted by an EU Mem­ber State for an en­gine type or en­gine fam­ily in ac­cord­ance with Reg­u­la­tion (EU) No 2016/1628²⁷; and

b.

en­gine mark­ings as spe­cified in Art­icle 32 of Reg­u­la­tion (EU) No 2016/1628.

² Con­form­ity may also be proven by means of a cer­ti­fic­ate is­sued by a con­form­ity as­sess­ment body as spe­cified in Art­icle 18 TBA²⁸ to the ef­fect that the type of ma­chine or equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gine meets the re­quire­ments of An­nex 4 Num­ber 4 (cer­ti­fic­ate of con­form­ity). In this case, the en­gine must bear the trade mark or trade name of the man­u­fac­turer of the en­gine and the name of the con­form­ity as­sess­ment body.

Thermal fuels are sub­ject to the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 5.

Any per­son who im­ports thermal fuels or of­fers them for sale on a com­mer­cial basis must de­clare the qual­ity of the thermal fuel to the cus­tom­er or con­sumer. On im­port, he must also de­clare the qual­ity to the cus­toms au­thor­it­ies.

Mo­tor fuels are sub­ject to the re­quire­ments spe­cified in An­nex 5.

Any per­son who im­ports mo­tor fuels or of­fers them for sale on a com­mer­cial basis must de­clare the qual­ity of the mo­tor fuel to the cus­tom­er or con­sumer. On im­port, he must also de­clare the qual­ity to the cus­toms au­thor­it­ies.

¹ In­stall­a­tions for un­leaded pet­rol such as stor­age and trans­port tanks, tankers and pet­rol pumps must be clearly marked «un­leaded».

² If an in­stall­a­tion which pre­vi­ously con­tained leaded pet­rol is to be used for un­leaded pet­rol, the own­er of the in­stall­a­tion must clean it thor­oughly be­fore­hand or take oth­er meas­ures to en­sure that it does not con­tain ex­cess­ive lead residues.

Waste may only be in­cin­er­ated or thermally de­com­posed in in­stall­a­tions spe­cified in An­nex 2 Num­ber 7; an ex­cep­tion to this is the in­cin­er­a­tion of waste spe­cified in An­nex 2 Num­ber 11.

¹ Nat­ur­al forest, field and garden waste may be in­cin­er­ated out­side in­stall­a­tions if it is suf­fi­ciently dry to en­sure min­im­al smoke form­a­tion.

² The au­thor­it­ies may in in­di­vidu­al cases ap­prove the in­cin­er­a­tion of forest, field and garden waste which is not suf­fi­ciently dry if there is an over­rid­ing in­terest and it does not lead to ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels.

³ They may re­strict or pro­hib­it the in­cin­er­a­tion of forest, field and garden waste out­side of in­stall­a­tions for par­tic­u­lar areas or peri­ods if ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are to be ex­pec­ted.

¹ The can­tons shall mon­it­or the air pol­lu­tion situ­ation and trends in their ter­rit­ory; in par­tic­u­lar, they shall de­term­ine am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels.

² To this end, they shall carry out sur­veys, meas­ure­ments and dis­per­sion mod­el­ling. The FOEN shall re­com­mend suit­able meth­ods.

¹ Be­fore a sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tion or trans­port in­fra­struc­ture ex­pec­ted to be a sig­ni­fic­ant source of emis­sions is con­struc­ted or ret­ro­fit­ted, the au­thor­it­ies may re­quest the own­er to provide an am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion fore­cast.

² The fore­cast must in­dic­ate what type, ex­tent and fre­quency of am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are to be ex­pec­ted in what areas.

³ The fore­cast shall in­clude de­tails of the type and level of emis­sions, as well as the dis­per­sion con­di­tions and the cal­cu­la­tion meth­ods used.

The own­er of an in­stall­a­tion which is a sig­ni­fic­ant source of emis­sions may be re­ques­ted by the au­thor­it­ies to mon­it­or am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels by car­ry­ing out meas­ure­ments in the area con­cerned.

The au­thor­it­ies shall as­sess wheth­er the am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels meas­ured are ex­cess­ive (Art­icle 2 para­graph 5).

The au­thor­it­ies shall draw up an ac­tion plan in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 44a of the Act if it has been es­tab­lished or is to be ex­pec­ted that, in spite of the pre­vent­ive lim­it­ing of emis­sions, ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels are caused by:

a.

an item of trans­port in­fra­struc­ture;

b.

a num­ber of sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions.

¹ The ac­tion plan shall in­dic­ate:

a.

the sources of emis­sions which are re­spons­ible for caus­ing ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels;

b.

the sig­ni­fic­ance of in­di­vidu­al sources of emis­sions for the total pol­lu­tion load;

c.

meas­ures for re­du­cing and elim­in­at­ing ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels;

d.

the ef­fects of the vari­ous meas­ures;

e.

the leg­al frame­work ex­ist­ing or yet to be es­tab­lished for the vari­ous meas­ures;

f.

time lim­its for the or­der­ing and im­ple­ment­a­tion of the meas­ures;

g.

the au­thor­it­ies re­spons­ible for en­force­ment of the meas­ures.

² Meas­ures un­der para­graph 1 let­ter c are:

a.

for sta­tion­ary in­stall­a­tions: short­er time lim­its for ret­ro­fit­ting or ad­di­tion­al or stricter emis­sion lim­its;

b.

for trans­port in­fra­struc­ture: struc­tur­al, op­er­a­tion­al, traffic man­age­ment or traffic re­stric­tion meas­ures.

¹ The meas­ures con­tained in the ac­tion plan are gen­er­ally to be put in­to ef­fect with­in five years.

² As a mat­ter of pri­or­ity, the au­thor­it­ies shall or­der meas­ures for in­stall­a­tions that ac­count for more than 10 % of the total pol­lu­tion load.

³ The can­tons shall reg­u­larly re­view the ef­fect­ive­ness of the meas­ures and shall amend the ac­tion plans if ne­ces­sary. They shall in­form the pub­lic ac­cord­ingly.

¹ If a can­ton­al ac­tion plan provides for meas­ures which fall with­in the re­spons­ib­il­ity of the Con­fed­er­a­tion, the can­ton shall sub­mit the plan to the Fed­er­al Coun­cil and make the rel­ev­ant ap­plic­a­tions.

² If the ac­tion plan re­quires the co­oper­a­tion of an­oth­er can­ton, the au­thor­it­ies shall sub­mit the plan to the can­ton in ques­tion and make the rel­ev­ant ap­plic­a­tions. If ne­ces­sary, the Fed­er­al Coun­cil shall co­ordin­ate the ac­tion plans of the can­tons.

Sub­ject to the pro­vi­sions of Art­icle 36, the can­tons shall be re­spons­ible for en­force­ment of this Or­din­ance.

¹ The Con­fed­er­a­tion shall en­force the pro­vi­sions con­cern­ing:

a.³⁷

mar­ket sur­veil­lance for con­struc­tion ma­chines and particle fil­ter sys­tems, and ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines (Art­icle 37);

b.³⁸

con­trol of thermal and mo­tor fuels on im­port and on pla­cing on the mar­ket (Art­icle 38).³⁹

² When ap­ply­ing oth­er fed­er­al acts or in­ter­na­tion­al agree­ments or res­ol­u­tions re­lat­ing to mat­ters reg­u­lated by this Or­din­ance, fed­er­al au­thor­it­ies shall also en­force this Or­din­ance. Co­oper­a­tion of the FOEN and the can­tons is gov­erned by Art­icle 41 para­graphs 2 and 4 of the Act; these pro­vi­sions are sub­ject to leg­al re­quire­ments con­cern­ing secrecy.⁴⁰

³ The Fed­er­al De­part­ment of the En­vir­on­ment, Trans­port, En­ergy and Com­mu­nic­a­tions⁴¹ may or­der im­ple­ment­ing and sup­ple­ment­ary pro­vi­sions, par­tic­u­larly con­cern­ing:

a.

meth­ods of test­ing, meas­ure­ment and cal­cu­la­tion;

b.

type-ap­prov­al;

c.

stacks.

⁴ The Con­fed­er­a­tion shall carry out sur­veys of the air pol­lu­tion situ­ation and trends in Switzer­land as a whole (Art­icle 39).⁴²

¹ The FOEN shall mon­it­or com­pli­ance with the reg­u­la­tions con­cern­ing pla­cing con­struc­tion ma­chines, particle fil­ter sys­tems, and ma­chines and equip­ment with in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines on the mar­ket. It shall mon­it­or in par­tic­u­lar:⁴⁵

a.

wheth­er the in­form­a­tion giv­en in the de­clar­a­tion of con­form­ity is cor­rect; or

b.⁴⁶

wheth­er the in­tern­al com­bus­tion en­gines of the ma­chines and equip­ment which bear an ap­prov­al mark con­form to the type-ap­proved en­gine or to the type-ap­proved en­gine fam­ily.

² It may en­trust con­trol tasks to pub­lic en­tit­ies and private spe­cial­ist or­gan­isa­tions.

³ If the in­stall­a­tions con­trolled do not meet the re­quire­ments, the FOEN shall or­der the ne­ces­sary meas­ures. In ser­i­ous cases, it may pro­hib­it fur­ther of­fer­ing or mar­ket­ing, or re­quest the modi­fic­a­tion of in­stall­a­tions already mar­keted.

¹ The cus­toms au­thor­it­ies shall take samples of thermal and mo­tor fuels which are im­por­ted or sup­plied by do­mest­ic re­finer­ies. They shall either sub­mit the samples to a labor­at­ory des­ig­nated by the FOEN or ana­lyse them them­selves.⁴⁷

² The cus­toms au­thor­it­ies or the labor­at­ory shall re­port the res­ults of the tests to the FOEN.⁴⁸

³ The FOEN shall veri­fy com­pli­ance with the reg­u­la­tions on pla­cing thermal and mo­tor fuels on the mar­ket by test­ing samples.⁴⁹

⁴ If the FOEN es­tab­lishes that an im­port­er or deal­er is re­peatedly im­port­ing or pla­cing on the mar­ket thermal or mo­tor fuels which fail to meet the qual­ity re­quire­ments in An­nex 5, it shall in­form the com­pet­ent can­ton­al pro­sec­u­tion au­thor­it­ies and, if ap­plic­able, the cus­toms au­thor­it­ies.⁵⁰

¹ The sur­veys of the air pol­lu­tion situ­ation and trends in Switzer­land as a whole shall be car­ried out by the FOEN.

² The Swiss Fed­er­al In­sti­tute for Ma­ter­i­als Test­ing and Re­search (EMPA) in Dübendorf shall op­er­ate the Na­tion­al Air Pol­lu­tion Mon­it­or­ing Net­work (NA­BEL) on be­half of the FOEN.

The FOEN shall spe­cify the min­im­al geodata mod­els and present­a­tion mod­els for of­fi­cial geodata in ac­cord­ance with this Or­din­ance for which it is des­ig­nated as the com­pet­ent fed­er­al au­thor­ity in An­nex 1 of the Or­din­ance of 21 May 2008⁵² on Geoin­form­a­tion.

The Or­din­ance of 10 Decem­ber 1984⁵⁴ on Air Pol­lu­tion Con­trol Meas­ures for Com­bus­tion In­stall­a­tions is re­pealed.

¹ In­stall­a­tions which re­quire a con­struc­tion per­mit or plan­ning per­mis­sion shall be re­garded as new in­stall­a­tions if no bind­ing de­cision has been taken re­gard­ing the con­struc­tion per­mit or plan­ning per­mis­sion at the time this Or­din­ance enters in­to force.

² With­in two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance, the au­thor­it­ies shall is­sue the ret­ro­fit­ting rul­ing in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 8 and 9, if pos­sible for all cases, but at least for the most ur­gent cases where ret­ro­fit­ting is re­quired.

³ In cases of ex­ist­ing ex­cess­ive am­bi­ent air pol­lu­tion levels, ac­tion plans shall be pre­pared in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 31 with­in three years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance.

This Or­din­ance comes in­to force on 1 March 1986.

¹ The emis­sion lim­it val­ues are based on a flue gas oxy­gen con­tent of 3% v/v.

² The emis­sion lim­it­a­tion re­quire­ments for re­finery fur­naces are de­term­ined by the total rated thermal in­put of the re­finery.

Emis­sions of sul­phur ox­ides, ex­pressed as sul­phur di­ox­ide, must not ex­ceed the fol­low­ing emis­sion con­cen­tra­tions:

a.

with a rated thermal in­put of up to 300 MW: 350 mg/m³

b.

with a rated thermal in­put of more than 300 MW: 100 mg/m³

Emis­sions of ni­tro­gen ox­ides (ni­tro­gen monox­ide and ni­tro­gen di­ox­ide), ex­pressed as ni­tro­gen di­ox­ide, must not ex­ceed 300 mg/m³.