¹For ex­ist­ing ex­pos­ure situ­ations, a ref­er­ence level of 1 mSv per cal­en­dar year ap­plies. This is without pre­ju­dice to the radon ref­er­ence level spe­cified in Art­icle 155 and the threshold level spe­cified in Art­icle 156.

² The FOPH may re­com­mend to the Fed­er­al Coun­cil, in in­di­vidu­al cases, ref­er­ence levels of up to 20 mSv per cal­en­dar year, in par­tic­u­lar if meas­ures are re­quired in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 171.

Ra­di­olo­gic­al legacies means:

a.

art­icles from past activ­it­ies con­tain­ing ra­di­o­nuc­lides which would be clas­si­fied as ra­dio­act­ive ma­ter­i­al un­der this Or­din­ance;

b.

art­icles whose type li­cence for gen­er­al or re­stric­ted use in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 29 let­ter c of the RPA has ex­pired and is not re­newed;

c.

prop­er­ties con­tam­in­ated from past activ­it­ies where the re­quire­ments spe­cified in this Or­din­ance are not met.

¹The FOPH is re­spons­ible for the dis­pos­al of ra­di­olo­gic­al legacies in the form of art­icles. This dis­pos­al is gov­erned in oth­er re­spects by Art­icles 108–121.

² Fur­ther use of these art­icles is per­miss­ible if a li­cence has been gran­ted to this ef­fect.

¹The FOPH shall main­tain an in­vent­ory of pos­sibly con­tam­in­ated prop­er­ties and shall pro­cess the fol­low­ing data to this end:

a.

de­tails of the prop­erty (geo­graph­ic­al co­ordin­ates, plot num­ber, build­ing and sub­strate);

b.

de­tails of earli­er activ­it­ies on the prop­erty, in­clud­ing the peri­od;

c.

in­vest­ig­a­tion data;

d.

data on the own­er and the user of the prop­erty (name, ad­dress, post­code, place);

e.

re­medi­ation de­cision;

f.

re­medi­ation data and res­ults of clear­ance meas­ure­ments after re­medi­ation, in­clud­ing any re­stric­tions.

² To ful­fil the re­spons­ib­il­it­ies as­signed to them, the staff of the FOPH Ra­di­olo­gic­al Pro­tec­tion Di­vi­sion shall have elec­tron­ic ac­cess to the in­vent­ory data.

³ The FOPH shall reg­u­larly in­form Suva and the can­tons con­cerned as to the status of the in­vent­ory.

¹ The FOPH shall or­der an in­vest­ig­a­tion of prop­er­ties as spe­cified in Art­icle 151 if a risk to people and the en­vir­on­ment from ion­ising ra­di­ation can­not be ruled out. It shall in­form in ad­vance the can­ton and the com­mune con­cerned.

² The own­ers and users are re­quired to grant the FOPH ac­cess to the prop­er­ties con­cerned for the in­vest­ig­a­tion.

³ The FOPH shall spe­cify the in­vest­ig­a­tion pro­ced­ure.

⁴ It shall carry out the in­vest­ig­a­tions. It may re­quest third parties to carry out the in­vest­ig­a­tions.

1 On the basis of the in­vest­ig­a­tion, the FOPH shall es­tim­ate the ef­fect­ive dose to per­sons who may be present in the build­ing.

2 The FOPH shall in­form the per­sons con­cerned, the own­er and user of the prop­erty, and the can­ton and com­mune con­cerned as to the res­ults of the in­vest­ig­a­tion.

3 If the dose is above the ref­er­ence level as spe­cified in Art­icle 148 para­graph 1, the FOPH shall de­clare the prop­erty to be in need of re­medi­ation and shall in­form the own­er ac­cord­ingly.

1 The FOPH shall in­form the can­tons con­cerned as to pos­sible ra­di­olo­gic­al legacies.

2 The can­tons shall in­form the FOPH of planned stud­ies, mon­it­or­ing meas­ures and re­medi­ations of con­tam­in­ated sites if there is an in­creased like­li­hood that ra­di­olo­gic­al legacies are present. This is the case in par­tic­u­lar if ra­di­um-con­tain­ing lu­min­ous paint was used by in­dustry.

¹ The radon ref­er­ence level is the radon gas con­cen­tra­tion which, if ex­ceeded, re­quires meas­ures to be taken in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 166.

² For the an­nu­al av­er­age radon gas con­cen­tra­tion in rooms where per­sons are reg­u­larly present for sev­er­al hours per day, a radon ref­er­ence level of 300 Bq/m3 ap­plies. This is without pre­ju­dice to the pro­vi­sions of Art­icle 156.

1 The threshold level at radon-ex­posed work­places is the radon gas con­cen­tra­tion which, if ex­ceeded, re­quires meas­ures to be taken in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 167.

2 For the an­nu­al av­er­age radon gas con­cen­tra­tion at radon-ex­posed work­places, a threshold level of 1000 Bq/m3 ap­plies.

³Work­places at which the threshold level is cer­tainly or pre­sum­ably ex­ceeded are con­sidered to be radon-ex­posed. These are, in par­tic­u­lar, work­places in un­der­ground struc­tures, mines, cav­erns and wa­ter sup­ply in­stall­a­tions, as well as those clas­si­fied as radon-ex­posed by the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity.

¹ The FOPH shall op­er­ate a Radon Tech­nic­al and In­form­a­tion Centre.

² The Centre shall carry out, in par­tic­u­lar, the fol­low­ing tasks:

reg­u­larly is­su­ing re­com­mend­a­tions on mit­ig­a­tion meas­ures and sup­port­ing the can­tons in im­ple­ment­a­tion;

pub­lish­ing the radon map in con­sulta­tion with the can­tons;

c.

provid­ing in­form­a­tion and ad­vice for the can­tons, build­ing own­ers, ten­ants, con­struc­tion pro­fes­sion­als and oth­er in­ter­ested groups;

d.

ad­vising per­sons con­cerned and in­ter­ested bod­ies on ap­pro­pri­ate mit­ig­a­tion meas­ures;

e.

reg­u­larly provid­ing the can­tons with an over­view of build­ings where meas­ure­ments have been con­duc­ted;

f.

ap­prov­ing and su­per­vising radon meas­ure­ment pro­viders in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 159;

g.

es­tab­lish­ing the sci­entif­ic found­a­tions re­quired for the ap­plic­a­tion of radon mit­ig­a­tion meas­ures;

h.

reg­u­larly eval­u­at­ing the ef­fects of mit­ig­a­tion meas­ures and mak­ing the ne­ces­sary ad­just­ments.

³ The FOPH may re­quest third parties to provide ad­vice in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 2 let­ter d.

The fol­low­ing are re­spons­ible for the en­force­ment of radon mit­ig­a­tion meas­ures:

a.

in rooms where per­sons are reg­u­larly present for sev­er­al hours per day (Art. 155 para. 2):

1.

the can­tons,

2.

in the case of mil­it­ary build­ings: the DDPS;

b.

at radon-ex­posed work­places as spe­cified in Art­icle 156: the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies.

¹ Radon meas­ure­ments must be con­duc­ted by an ap­proved radon meas­ure­ment pro­vider in ac­cord­ance with pre­scribed meas­ure­ment pro­to­cols.

² The FOPH shall ap­prove a radon meas­ure­ment pro­vider if it:

a.

has the spe­cial­ist staff and meas­ure­ment sys­tem re­quired for due ful­fil­ment of its re­spons­ib­il­it­ies; and

b.

can as­sure prop­er ful­fil­ment of its re­spons­ib­il­it­ies, and in par­tic­u­lar if no con­flicts of in­terest ex­ist.

³ The FOPH shall grant ap­prov­al for a max­im­um peri­od of five years.

⁴ The FD­JP shall spe­cify the tech­nic­al re­quire­ments for meas­ure­ment sys­tems and the meth­ods for main­ten­ance of meas­ure­ment sta­bil­ity.

Ap­proved radon meas­ure­ment pro­viders are re­quired:

a.

to com­ply with the pre­scribed meas­ure­ment pro­to­cols;

b.

to enter their data in the radon data­base with­in two months after the com­ple­tion of meas­ure­ments.

¹ Radon con­sult­ants shall sup­port and ad­vise cli­ents, con­struc­tion pro­fes­sion­als, build­ing own­ers and oth­er in­ter­ested parties on the im­ple­ment­a­tion of pre­vent­ive and re­medi­al meas­ures for radon mit­ig­a­tion ac­cord­ing to the state of the art.

²The FOPH shall main­tain a list in which radon con­sult­ants work­ing in Switzer­land who have un­der­gone train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 183 let­ter c are in­cluded on re­quest. It shall pub­lish the list⁵⁴ and reg­u­larly up­date it.

¹ The FOPH shall main­tain a cent­ral radon data­base. In this data­base, it shall store the data which is re­quired to al­low con­tinu­ous as­sess­ment of the im­ple­ment­a­tion of meas­ure­ments and re­medi­ation pro­jects and to draw stat­ist­ic­al and sci­entif­ic con­clu­sions.

² The fol­low­ing data on in­di­vidu­al build­ings shall be stored in the cent­ral radon data­base:

a.

loc­a­tion (co­ordin­ates, plot num­ber);

b.

Swiss fed­er­al build­ing iden­ti­fi­er (EGID) and dwell­ing iden­ti­fi­er (EWID) in ac­cord­ance with the Or­din­ance of 31 May 2000⁵⁵ on the Fed­er­al Re­gister of Build­ings and Dwell­ings;

c.

in­form­a­tion on the premises;

d.

meas­ure­ment data;

e.

re­medi­ation data;

f.

own­er and user (name, ad­dress, post­code, place);

g.

year of con­struc­tion.

³ The staff of the FOPH Radon Tech­nic­al and In­form­a­tion Centre are en­titled to pro­cess the data in the data­base.

⁴ To ful­fil the re­spons­ib­il­it­ies as­signed to them, the fol­low­ing shall have elec­tron­ic ac­cess to data in the data­base as spe­cified be­low:

a.

the ap­proved radon meas­ure­ment pro­viders: to the data which they have col­lec­ted them­selves;

b.

the can­tons: to all data col­lec­ted on their ter­rit­ory;

c.

Suva: to all data col­lec­ted at work­places.

⁵ The FOPH may, on the basis of a data pro­tec­tion agree­ment, make avail­able to third parties data from the radon data­base for re­search pur­poses sub­ject to the fol­low­ing re­quire­ments and con­di­tions:

a.

The data shall be an­onymised as soon as the pur­pose of pro­cessing per­mits.

b.

The data shall not be trans­ferred.

c.

If the res­ults are pub­lished, this must be done in a com­pletely an­onymised form.

¹ In the course of the per­mis­sion pro­ced­ure for new build­ings and build­ing al­ter­a­tions, the build­ing per­mis­sion au­thor­ity shall, where ap­pro­pri­ate, draw the at­ten­tion of the build­ing own­er or, in the case of new build­ings, the cli­ent to the re­quire­ments of this Or­din­ance con­cern­ing radon mit­ig­a­tion.

²The build­ing own­er or, in the case of new build­ings, the cli­ent shall en­sure that pre­vent­ive struc­tur­al meas­ures are taken in ac­cord­ance with the state of the art to achieve a radon gas con­cen­tra­tion be­low the ref­er­ence level spe­cified in Art­icle 155 para­graph 2. If the cur­rent state of sci­ence and tech­no­logy so re­quires, a radon meas­ure­ment must be con­duc­ted in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 159 para­graph 1.

¹ The can­ton may re­quire the build­ing own­er to have radon meas­ure­ments con­duc­ted in rooms where per­sons are reg­u­larly present for sev­er­al hours per day.

² The can­ton shall en­sure that radon meas­ure­ments are con­duc­ted in schools and nurs­ery schools in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 159 para­graph 1.

³ The can­ton may con­duct fur­ther radon meas­ure­ments.

⁴In the case of mil­it­ary build­ings, the DDPS is re­spons­ible for or­der­ing radon meas­ure­ments.

¹En­ter­prises with radon-ex­posed work­places shall en­sure that meas­ure­ments are con­duc­ted by an ap­proved radon meas­ure­ment pro­vider in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 159 para­graph 1.

² The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity may con­duct spot-check meas­ure­ments at radon-ex­posed work­places.

1 If the ref­er­ence level spe­cified in Art­icle 155 para­graph 2 is ex­ceeded, the build­ing own­er shall take the ne­ces­sary re­medi­al meas­ures. Re­com­mend­a­tions con­cern­ing the ur­gency of re­medi­al meas­ures shall be provided by the FOPH and the can­tons.

2 If the build­ing own­er fails to take ac­tion, the can­ton may or­der radon re­medi­ation.

³If it is de­term­ined that the ref­er­ence level is ex­ceeded at a school or nurs­ery school, the can­ton shall or­der radon re­medi­ation with­in three years after the time of de­term­in­a­tion.

⁴The costs of re­medi­ation shall be borne by the build­ing own­er.

¹ If the threshold level spe­cified in Art­icle 156 is ex­ceeded, the en­ter­prise must de­term­ine the an­nu­al radon-re­lated ef­fect­ive dose to ex­posed per­sons and re­view this at least every five years.

² If the ef­fect­ive dose to a per­son at the work­place is above 10 mSv per cal­en­dar year, the en­ter­prise shall take or­gan­isa­tion­al or tech­nic­al meas­ures to re­duce the dose as rap­idly as pos­sible.

³ If, in spite of meas­ures be­ing taken, the ef­fect­ive dose to a per­son at the work­place is above 10 mSv per cal­en­dar year, this per­son is con­sidered to be oc­cu­pa­tion­ally ex­posed.

⁴ The FDHA, after a hear­ing with Suva, shall spe­cify how the an­nu­al radon-re­lated ef­fect­ive dose is to be de­term­ined.

¹ In­dus­tri­al sec­tors in­volving NORM are, in par­tic­u­lar:

a.

ground­wa­ter fil­tra­tion fa­cil­it­ies;

b.

gas pro­duc­tion;

c.

geo­therm­al en­ergy pro­duc­tion (deep geo­therm­al en­ergy);

d.

zir­con and zir­coni­um in­dustry;

e.

ce­ment pro­duc­tion and main­ten­ance of clinker ovens;

f.

main­ten­ance and re­mov­al of heat-res­ist­ant zir­coni­um al­loy clad­ding;

g.

tun­nel­ling in rock form­a­tions with el­ev­ated urani­um or thori­um con­cen­tra­tions.

² In in­dus­tri­al sec­tors in­volving NORM, en­ter­prises shall de­term­ine by means of rep­res­ent­at­ive meas­ure­ments wheth­er:

a.

the NORM clear­ance lim­it is ex­ceeded in dis­charged ma­ter­i­als;

b.

staff are oc­cu­pa­tion­ally ex­posed per­sons as defined in Art­icle 51 para­graphs 1 and 2;

c.

the hand­ling of NORM may lead to a dose for mem­bers of the pub­lic which is not neg­li­gible from a ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion point of view.

³ The en­ter­prises shall sub­mit evid­ence of the tests con­duc­ted in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 2 and the res­ults there­of to the FOPH.

⁴ The FOPH shall sup­port the en­ter­prises in the de­term­in­a­tion of the situ­ations spe­cified in para­graph 2 let­ters b and c.

⁵In in­dus­tri­al sec­tors in­volving NORM, the FOPH and Suva may con­duct spot-check meas­ure­ments.

1 NORM with a spe­cif­ic activ­ity above the rel­ev­ant NORM clear­ance lim­it may, with the ap­prov­al of the li­cens­ing au­thor­ity, be dis­charged to the en­vir­on­ment if:

a.

dis­pos­al via the usu­al chan­nels would be im­possible or would in­volve dis­pro­por­tion­ate ef­fort; and

b.

as a res­ult of ap­pro­pri­ate meas­ures, the ef­fect­ive dose to mem­bers of the pub­lic arising from the dis­charge re­mains be­low 0.3 mSv per cal­en­dar year.

2 The FOPH shall mon­it­or com­pli­ance with the per­miss­ible ef­fect­ive dose via the sampling and meas­ure­ment pro­gramme spe­cified in Art­icle 193.

3 NORM may only be ex­por­ted for dis­charge to the en­vir­on­ment if con­sent has been gran­ted by the com­pet­ent au­thor­ity of the re­cip­i­ent coun­try and the re­quire­ments spe­cified in para­graph 1 are com­plied with.

1For build­ing ma­ter­i­als iden­ti­fied as be­ing of con­cern from a ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion point of view, the FOPH shall, to de­term­ine pub­lic ex­pos­ure, es­tab­lish by means of spot checks wheth­er the activ­ity con­cen­tra­tion in­dex is great­er than 1.

2 If the activ­ity con­cen­tra­tion in­dex is great­er than 1, the FOPH shall carry out a dose es­tim­a­tion to en­sure that the ref­er­ence level spe­cified in Art­icle 148 is com­plied with.

3 The FOPH shall in­form the pub­lic of the res­ults.

The FOPH shall pre­pare the long-term fed­er­al and can­ton­al meas­ures for the man­age­ment of ef­fects after the trans­ition from an emer­gency ex­pos­ure situ­ation to an ex­ist­ing ex­pos­ure situ­ation in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 141.

¹The fol­low­ing per­sons must un­der­go ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in line with their activ­it­ies and re­spons­ib­il­ity:

a.

per­sons who are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation, who may be ex­posed to it in the course of their spe­cif­ic activ­it­ies, or who plan or or­der the hand­ling there­of and, in the pro­cess, define ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion meas­ures for self‑pro­tec­tion;

b.

per­sons who have ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion re­spons­ib­il­it­ies vis-à-vis third parties;

c.

ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion ex­perts;

d.

radon con­sult­ants as spe­cified in Art­icle 161 para­graph 1;

e.

per­sons who, in the case of a fail­ure or emer­gency, are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation, may be ex­posed to it, or plan or or­der the hand­ling there­of, or op­er­ate crit­ic­al in­fra­struc­ture or provide pub­lic ser­vices.

²The FDHA may, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS, reg­u­late ex­emp­tions from man­dat­ory con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion for the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation with a low haz­ard po­ten­tial.

1 The fol­low­ing are re­spons­ible for train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion:

a.

for per­sons spe­cified in Art­icle 172 para­graph 1 let­ters a–c: the li­cence hold­ers;

b.

for radon con­sult­ants as spe­cified in Art­icle 172 para­graph 1 let­ter d: these per­sons them­selves;

c.

for per­sons spe­cified in Art­icle 172 para­graph 1 let­ter e: the rel­ev­ant au­thor­it­ies, ad­min­is­trat­ive bod­ies, or­gan­isa­tions and un­der­tak­ings; they shall en­sure that, in ac­cord­ance with their size and struc­ture, an ad­equate num­ber of per­sons who have un­der­gone train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion is avail­able.

2 The parties re­spons­ible are re­quired to co­ordin­ate and doc­u­ment em­ploy­ees’ train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion activ­it­ies. The doc­u­ment­a­tion must be re­tained un­til the end of their em­ploy­ment at the en­ter­prise.

¹ Per­sons spe­cified in Art­icle 172 para­graph 1 let­ters b–d who work in the med­ic­al, in­dus­tri­al and nuc­le­ar en­ergy sec­tors re­quire re­cog­nised ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing in­clud­ing an ex­am­in­a­tion.

²The FDHA, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS, shall de­term­ine which per­sons re­quire what train­ing.

3 The FDHA, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS, shall spe­cify wheth­er the train­ing for per­sons spe­cified in Art­icle 172 para­graph 1 let­ters a and e re­quires re­cog­ni­tion.

¹ Con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion is con­cerned with the know­ledge and skills already ac­quired in the course of train­ing. Con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion must en­sure that skills, know­ledge and aware­ness of the state of the art and its ap­plic­a­tion in prac­tice are main­tained and brought up to date.

² Per­sons sub­ject to man­dat­ory con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion must un­der­go a course of con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion at least every five years.

3 The FDHA, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS, may, tak­ing in­to ac­count the haz­ard po­ten­tial:

a.

spe­cify short­er or longer in­ter­vals for con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses;

b.

spe­cify that the con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion must be re­cog­nised.

¹ The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies and the PSI shall con­duct train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses as re­quired.

² The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies may re­quest oth­er agen­cies or in­sti­tu­tions to con­duct train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses.

³ The DDPS shall co­ordin­ate the train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses for per­sons who, in the case of an fail­ure or emer­gency, are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation, may be ex­posed to it, or plan or or­der the hand­ling there­of, or op­er­ate crit­ic­al in­fra­struc­ture or provide pub­lic ser­vices.

4 The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies and the DDPS may, with­in their area of re­spons­ib­il­ity, re­quire that the per­sons re­spons­ible for train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 173 re­port the date and the form, con­tent and ex­tent of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion provided for per­sons sub­ject to man­dat­ory train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion.

¹ With­in the lim­its of its ap­proved budget, the FOPH may provide fin­an­cial as­sist­ance for train­ing or con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses in ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion con­duc­ted by third parties, in par­tic­u­lar by schools, pro­fes­sion­al or­gan­isa­tions and in­dustry.

² Fin­an­cial as­sist­ance shall only be provided if the train­ing or con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion has been re­cog­nised by the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity.

³ Fin­an­cial as­sist­ance shall be cal­cu­lated so that, taken to­geth­er with oth­er rev­en­ues, it does not ex­ceed the course or­gan­iser’s doc­u­mented costs.

The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity shall re­cog­nise as equi­val­ent in­di­vidu­al train­ing or con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion which a per­son has re­ceived abroad or for a dif­fer­ent activ­ity if the ac­quired know­ledge and skills meet the re­quire­ments spe­cified in Chapter 2 of this Title.

¹ The FOPH shall main­tain a train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion data­base, in which the fol­low­ing per­sons sub­ject to man­dat­ory train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion are re­gistered:

a.

per­sons who meet the re­quire­ments for be­ing able to serve as ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion ex­perts;

b.

ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion spe­cial­ists and ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion tech­ni­cians as spe­cified in Art­icle 183 let­ter b;

c.

per­sons who re­quire re­cog­nised con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion as spe­cified in Art­icle 182 or 183;

d.

radon con­sult­ants as spe­cified in Art­icle 161 para­graph 1.

² The pur­pose of the data­base is:

a.

to make avail­able the in­form­a­tion re­quired for grant­ing li­cences on the oc­cu­pa­tion­al train­ing, re­cog­nised ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion of the per­son con­cerned;

b.

to sim­pli­fy the ad­min­is­trat­ive pro­ced­ures re­quired for grant­ing li­cences;

c.

to sim­pli­fy su­per­vi­sion by the au­thor­it­ies in the area of in­di­vidu­al train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion.

³ The fol­low­ing data con­cern­ing per­sons re­gistered in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 1 shall be stored in the data­base:

a.

name, former name, first name;

b.

date of birth;

c.

place of ori­gin (for for­eign na­tion­als: place of birth and na­tion­al­ity);

d.

oc­cu­pa­tion­al train­ing;

e.

type, ven­ue and date of ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing courses;

f.

type, ven­ue and date of ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses;

g.

for in­di­vidu­al train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion as spe­cified in Art­icle 178: date of re­cog­ni­tion of equi­val­ence.

4 The re­spons­ible staff of the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies are en­titled to pro­cess on­line the data of per­sons with­in their area of su­per­vi­sion.

5 Train­ing in­sti­tu­tions which of­fer re­cog­nised ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion courses may re­cord and re­trieve on­line the data con­cern­ing per­sons who have com­pleted their train­ing or con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion at the in­sti­tu­tion con­cerned. They may modi­fy data con­cern­ing such per­sons re­lat­ing to courses which they have con­duc­ted them­selves.

6 The FOPH shall en­able the per­sons con­cerned to ac­cess elec­tron­ic­ally their own data in the train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion data­base.

¹ The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies spe­cified in Art­icle 184 are re­spons­ible for the re­cog­ni­tion of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses.

2 The Gen­er­al Sec­ret­ari­at of the DDPS (GS DDPS) is re­spons­ible for the re­cog­ni­tion of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses for per­sons who ex­clus­ively in the case of an fail­ure or emer­gency are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation, may be ex­posed to it, or plan or or­der the hand­ling there­of, or op­er­ate crit­ic­al in­fra­struc­ture or provide pub­lic ser­vices.

³ In the event of un­cer­tainty con­cern­ing re­spons­ib­il­ity for re­cog­ni­tion, the FOPH, EN­SI, Suva and the GS DDPS shall con­sult each oth­er.

⁴ Train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses which are offered by a re­cog­ni­tion au­thor­ity must be re­cog­nised by a dif­fer­ent re­cog­ni­tion au­thor­ity.

5 The re­cog­ni­tion au­thor­it­ies spe­cified in para­graphs 1 and 2 are en­titled, in the course of their re­cog­ni­tion activ­it­ies, to mon­it­or the train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion re­quire­ments of per­sons con­cerned and to as­sess the qual­ity of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion courses.

1 The FDHA shall reg­u­late train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion. In par­tic­u­lar, it shall define:

a.

the ob­ject­ives, the re­quire­ments and the ex­tent of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion;

b.

the skills and know­ledge to be ac­quired by per­sons who must un­der­go train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 172;

c.

the train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion spe­cified in Art­icles 174–176, 178, 182 and 183 which re­quires re­cog­ni­tion;

d.

the re­quire­ments for re­cog­ni­tion of train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion as spe­cified in let­ter c;

e.

the con­tent of ex­am­in­a­tions and the ex­am­in­a­tion pro­ced­ure;

f.

the activ­it­ies per­miss­ible for per­sons with ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion which re­quires re­cog­ni­tion.

² It shall reg­u­late train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion for per­sons in non-med­ic­al sec­tors, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS.

1 The re­quire­ments spe­cified by the FDHA for train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion in the med­ic­al sec­tor shall be dif­fer­en­ti­ated ac­cord­ing to the fol­low­ing cat­egor­ies of per­sons re­spons­ible for ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion for pa­tients or an­im­als:

a.

per­sons who pre­scribe dia­gnost­ic ap­plic­a­tions of ion­ising ra­di­ation in medi­cine and chiro­pract­ic;

b.

phys­i­cians who per­form thera­peut­ic or dia­gnost­ic med­ic­al pro­ced­ures in­volving ra­di­ation sources;

c.

dent­ists;

d.

chiro­pract­ors;

e.

veter­in­ari­ans;

f.

med­ic­al phys­i­cists;

g

ra­dio­phar­macists;

h.

med­ic­al ra­di­ation tech­no­lo­gists⁵⁶ with a dip­loma from a pro­fes­sion­al edu­ca­tion in­sti­tu­tion (PEI) or a uni­versity of ap­plied sci­ences (UAS);

i.

med­ic­al prac­tice as­sist­ants with a fed­er­al cer­ti­fic­ate of pro­fi­ciency (CFC);

j.

oth­er med­ic­al per­son­nel;

k.

dent­al hy­gien­ists (PEI dip­loma);

l.

dent­al as­sist­ants (CFC);

m.

sur­gic­al tech­ni­cians (HF dip­loma) and qual­i­fied op­er­at­ing theatre nurses with a cer­ti­fic­ate of pro­fi­ciency from the Swiss Pro­fes­sion­al As­so­ci­ation for Nurses (ASI);

n.

veter­in­ary prac­tice as­sist­ants (CFC);

o.

per­sons who deal in, in­stall or main­tain med­ic­al X-ray sys­tems.

2 The fol­low­ing per­sons, if they have com­pleted ap­pro­pri­ate ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion train­ing reg­u­lated by the FDHA and ful­fil their con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion ob­lig­a­tions, meet the re­quire­ments for be­ing able to serve as ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion ex­perts in their field of activ­ity:

phys­i­cians and chiro­pract­ors with an ap­pro­pri­ate Swiss spe­cial­ist title;

dent­ists and veter­in­ary sur­geons with an ap­pro­pri­ate Swiss de­gree;

med­ic­al phys­i­cists;

ra­dio­phar­macists;

e.

med­ic­al ra­di­ation tech­no­lo­gists⁵⁷ (PEI, UAS).

The re­quire­ments spe­cified by the FDHA, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and the DDPS, for train­ing and con­tinu­ing edu­ca­tion in ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion in non-med­ic­al sec­tors shall be dif­fer­en­ti­ated ac­cord­ing to the fol­low­ing cat­egor­ies of per­sons:

a.

ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion ex­perts and per­sons in the nuc­le­ar, in­dus­tri­al, com­mer­cial, teach­ing, trans­port and re­search sec­tors who are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation;

b.

ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion spe­cial­ists, ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion tech­ni­cians and ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion of­ficers in nuc­le­ar in­stall­a­tions and at the PSI;

c.

radon con­sult­ants;

d.

per­sons who, in the case of an fail­ure or emer­gency, are in­volved in the hand­ling of ion­ising ra­di­ation, may be ex­posed to it, or plan or or­der the hand­ling there­of, or op­er­ate crit­ic­al in­fra­struc­ture or provide pub­lic ser­vices.

¹ The FOPH, Suva and EN­SI are re­spons­ible for su­per­vi­sion in ac­cord­ance with this Or­din­ance.

²The FOPH shall su­per­vise those en­ter­prises which are not su­per­vised by Suva or EN­SI, in par­tic­u­lar:

a.

med­ic­al en­ter­prises;

b.

re­search and teach­ing es­tab­lish­ments.

³ EN­SI shall su­per­vise:

a.

nuc­le­ar in­stall­a­tions;

b.

geo­lo­gic­al in­vest­ig­a­tions as spe­cified in Art­icle 35 of the NEA⁵⁸;

c.

the re­ceipt and ship­ment of ra­dio­act­ive sub­stances at or from nuc­le­ar in­stall­a­tions;

d.⁵⁹

the de­cay stor­age of ra­dio­act­ive waste from nuc­le­ar in­stall­a­tions and all re­lated activ­it­ies.

⁴ Suva shall su­per­vise in­dus­tri­al and com­mer­cial en­ter­prises.

⁵ The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies shall co­ordin­ate en­force­ment and re­solve any un­cer­tain­ties re­gard­ing re­spons­ib­il­ity by mu­tu­al agree­ment. They shall meet reg­u­larly for this pur­pose.

¹ The archiv­ing of doc­u­ments con­cern­ing the grant­ing and modi­fic­a­tion of li­cences and con­cern­ing su­per­vi­sion is gov­erned by the Archiv­ing Act of 26 June 1998⁶⁰.

² The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies shall make the re­quired doc­u­ments avail­able to the li­cens­ing au­thor­it­ies at any time upon re­quest.

¹ The su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies may, by mu­tu­al agree­ment, com­mis­sion re­search pro­jects con­cern­ing the ef­fects of ra­di­ation and ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion, or par­ti­cip­ate in such pro­jects.

² The PSI, the Spiez Labor­at­ory and oth­er fed­er­al es­tab­lish­ments shall, as far as pos­sible, place them­selves at the dis­pos­al of the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies to carry out re­search pro­jects con­cern­ing the ef­fects of ra­di­ation and ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion.

The FOPH, Suva and EN­SI shall mon­it­or by means of spot checks, gradu­ated ac­cord­ing to the haz­ard po­ten­tial, wheth­er reg­u­la­tions are com­plied with and the pro­tec­tion of people and the en­vir­on­ment against dangers arising from ion­ising ra­di­ation is as­sured.

¹ All in­form­a­tion must be provided and all devices, art­icles and doc­u­ments re­quired for in­spec­tions must be made avail­able, at no cost, to the FOPH, Suva and EN­SI.

2 They must be gran­ted ac­cess to in­stall­a­tions, equip­ment and areas, in­so­far as this is ne­ces­sary for con­duct­ing in­spec­tions.

The FOPH may re­quest third parties to carry out in­spec­tions, in par­tic­u­lar:

a.

firms which con­duct qual­ity as­sur­ance of dia­gnost­ic equip­ment;

b.

ex­perts who co­ordin­ate, pre­pare and con­duct clin­ic­al audits.

¹ In the course of im­port, ex­port and trans­it con­trols, the cus­toms of­fices shall check wheth­er a li­cence has been ob­tained for the trans­port of ra­dio­act­ive ma­ter­i­al.

² If so re­ques­ted by the li­cens­ing au­thor­ity, they shall check wheth­er goods un­der­go­ing im­port, ex­port and trans­it com­ply with the pro­vi­sions of this Or­din­ance.

³ The FOPH shall or­gan­ise the con­duct of peri­od­ic tar­geted screen­ing of goods un­der­go­ing im­port, ex­port and trans­it and of per­sons en­ter­ing the coun­try; for this pur­pose, it shall con­sult in par­tic­u­lar the Dir­ect­or­ate Gen­er­al of Cus­toms.

⁴ It shall co­ordin­ate, in par­tic­u­lar with the Spiez Labor­at­ory, re­quire­ments for, and the pro­cure­ment and main­ten­ance of, the ne­ces­sary meas­ur­ing equip­ment and shall pre­pare de­ploy­ment in spe­cial situ­ations.

⁵ It is re­spons­ible for ap­prov­al of agree­ments con­cern­ing the pos­sible take-back of ex­por­ted ra­dio­act­ive waste as spe­cified in Art­icle 25 para­graph 3 let­ter d of the RPA.

⁶ The Dir­ect­or­ate Gen­er­al of Cus­toms, in con­sulta­tion with the li­cens­ing au­thor­it­ies, shall is­sue in­tern­al dir­ect­ives for mon­it­or­ing of the im­port, ex­port and trans­it of ra­dio­act­ive ma­ter­i­al.

⁷ The Swiss Fed­er­al Cus­toms Ad­min­is­tra­tion may, on re­quest, trans­fer data from cus­toms de­clar­a­tions to the li­cens­ing and su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies.

¹ The FOPH shall mon­it­or ion­ising ra­di­ation and ra­dio­activ­ity in the en­vir­on­ment.

² EN­SI shall ad­di­tion­ally mon­it­or ion­ising ra­di­ation and ra­dio­activ­ity in the vi­cin­ity of nuc­le­ar in­stall­a­tions.

3 To as­sess pub­lic ex­pos­ure to ra­dio­activ­ity in the en­vir­on­ment, the FOPH shall carry out meas­ure­ments in ap­pro­pri­ate sampling me­dia such as air­borne par­tic­u­lates, wa­ter in­ten­ded for hu­man con­sump­tion, or food­stuffs. To this end, it may col­lab­or­ate with the can­tons.

⁴ To pro­tect the health of con­sumers, the can­tons shall mon­it­or ra­dio­activ­ity in food­stuffs and in art­icles of daily use.

⁵The FDHA, in con­sulta­tion with EN­SI and after a hear­ing with METAS, shall is­sue tech­nic­al pro­vi­sions for en­vir­on­ment­al do­si­metry.

¹ The FOPH shall op­er­ate an auto­mat­ic net­work for the gen­er­al mon­it­or­ing of ra­dio­activ­ity in the en­vir­on­ment. This net­work shall also meas­ure im­mis­sion levels in the vi­cin­ity of en­ter­prises which dis­charge ra­dio­act­ive sub­stances to the en­vir­on­ment or could dis­charge lar­ger quant­it­ies there­of.

2 The FOPH, in co­oper­a­tion with the com­pet­ent su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity, shall spe­cify re­quire­ments for the mon­it­or­ing net­work with re­gard to mon­it­or­ing in the vi­cin­ity of en­ter­prises as spe­cified in para­graph 1.

³ En­ter­prises where a sub­stan­tial re­lease of ra­dio­activ­ity can­not be ruled out shall bear the costs of pur­chas­ing and op­er­at­ing those mon­it­or­ing sta­tions with­in the auto­mat­ic net­work which are used to mon­it­or ra­dio­activ­ity in their vi­cin­ity.

⁴The costs of pur­chas­ing equip­ment, ex­clud­ing plan­ning costs, are deemed to be ac­quis­i­tion costs. The costs of site rent­al, as­sur­ance of in­form­a­tion se­cur­ity, main­ten­ance and re­pair, and elec­tri­city are deemed to be op­er­at­ing costs.

⁵The FOPH shall charge the pre­vi­ous year’s costs for run­ning the rel­ev­ant mon­it­or­ing sta­tions an­nu­ally to the in­di­vidu­al en­ter­prises.

¹ The FOPH, in co­oper­a­tion with EN­SI, Suva, the NEOC and the can­tons, shall pre­pare a sampling and meas­ure­ment pro­gramme for planned and for ex­ist­ing ex­pos­ure situ­ations.

² For the im­ple­ment­a­tion of the sampling and meas­ure­ment pro­gramme, the fed­er­al labor­at­or­ies, in par­tic­u­lar the PSI, the Swiss Fed­er­al In­sti­tute of Aquat­ic Sci­ence and Tech­no­logy (Eawag) and the Spiez Labor­at­ory, are re­quired to co­oper­ate and to make avail­able at all times the ne­ces­sary hu­man and ma­ter­i­al re­sources.

3 Third parties may be en­gaged if needed to im­ple­ment the sampling and meas­ure­ment pro­gramme

¹ EN­SI, Suva, the NEOC, the can­tons and the par­ti­cip­at­ing labor­at­or­ies shall make avail­able to the FOPH the mon­it­or­ing data gen­er­ated and in­ter­preted.

² On the basis of the res­ults of the sampling and meas­ure­ment pro­gramme spe­cified in Art­icle 193, the FOPH shall as­sess the ra­di­olo­gic­al situ­ation. It shall cal­cu­late and as­sess the doses ac­cu­mu­lated by the pub­lic. This is without pre­ju­dice, in emer­gency ex­pos­ure situ­ations, to the pro­vi­sions of the CCMBO⁶¹.

³ The FOPH shall de­term­ine pub­lic ra­di­ation ex­pos­ure in ac­cord­ance with An­nexes 3–6.

⁴ It shall pre­pare and pub­lish an an­nu­al re­port on the mon­it­or­ing data and the res­ult­ant ra­di­ation doses to the pub­lic.

1 If con­cen­tra­tions of ar­ti­fi­cial ra­di­o­nuc­lides in the en­vir­on­ment are de­tec­ted which could lead to an ef­fect­ive dose of more than 10 µSv per year for a giv­en ex­pos­ure path­way and for mem­bers of the pub­lic, the FOPH shall seek to identi­fy the cause.

2 If the ra­di­o­nuc­lides were dis­charged by an en­ter­prise which has a li­cence, the FOPH shall in­form the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity con­cerned. Where pos­sible and ap­pro­pri­ate, this au­thor­ity shall re­quest the im­ple­ment­a­tion of op­tim­isa­tion meas­ures to re­duce the dis­charge.

3 If the ra­di­o­nuc­lides were dis­charged by an en­ter­prise which does not have a li­cence, if the ra­di­o­nuc­lides ori­gin­ated abroad, or if the cause is un­clear, the FOPH shall ap­pro­pri­ately sup­ple­ment its meas­ure­ment pro­gramme, if ne­ces­sary, and in­form the pub­lic.

The FOPH shall en­sure that the per­sons and can­tons con­cerned and the pub­lic are in­formed in a timely man­ner about events of pub­lic in­terest.

The FO­CA shall su­per­vise air­craft op­er­at­ors with re­gard to the mon­it­or­ing of oc­cu­pa­tion­ally ex­posed air­crew.

¹ The KSR is a stand­ing ad­vis­ory com­mis­sion with­in the mean­ing of Art­icle 8a para­graph 2 of the GAOO⁶².

2 It shall ad­vise the Fed­er­al Coun­cil, the FDHA, the DE­TEC, the DDPS, EN­SI, in­ter­ested pub­lic of­fices and Suva on ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion mat­ters. It has the fol­low­ing du­ties:

a.

reg­u­larly in­form­ing the pub­lic about the ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion situ­ation in Switzer­land;

b.

provid­ing ad­vice on the fol­low­ing mat­ters in par­tic­u­lar:

1.

the in­ter­pret­a­tion and ap­prais­al of in­ter­na­tion­al re­com­mend­a­tions in the field of ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion with re­gard to their ap­plic­a­tion in Switzer­land,

2.

the elab­or­a­tion and de­vel­op­ment of har­mon­ised prin­ciples for the ap­plic­a­tion of ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion reg­u­la­tions,

3.

en­vir­on­ment­al ra­dio­activ­ity, the res­ults of mon­it­or­ing, their in­ter­pret­a­tion and the res­ult­ant ra­di­ation doses for the pub­lic;

c.

in col­lab­or­a­tion with the pro­fes­sion­al and sec­tor­al as­so­ci­ations con­cerned, pre­par­ing and pub­lish­ing re­com­mend­a­tions on the jus­ti­fic­a­tion of dia­gnost­ic or thera­peut­ic pro­ced­ures in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 28 para­graphs 1 and 2;⁶³

d

pre­par­ing re­ports and opin­ions on be­half of the Fed­er­al Coun­cil or the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­it­ies.

³ It is com­posed of ex­perts from aca­demia and in­dustry.

⁴ It shall col­lab­or­ate with the Fed­er­al Com­mis­sion for NBC Pro­tec­tion (Com­N­BC) and the Fed­er­al Nuc­le­ar Safety Com­mis­sion (NCS), deal­ing in par­tic­u­lar with joint re­spons­ib­il­it­ies in the field of ra­di­olo­gic­al pro­tec­tion.

⁵ The KSR and its com­mit­tees may en­gage ex­tern­al ex­perts for the ex­am­in­a­tion of spe­cial is­sues.

¹ In ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 44 para­graph 1 let­ter f of the RPA, an of­fence is com­mit­ted by any per­son who:

a.

without a li­cence, mixes ra­dio­act­ive with oth­er ma­ter­i­als so that the hand­ling there­of is not sub­ject to man­dat­ory li­cens­ing and su­per­vi­sion (Art. 107);

b.

per­forms an activ­ity which may in­volve an ion­ising ra­di­ation haz­ard without hav­ing the train­ing re­quired in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 172–175;

c.

op­er­ates a per­son­al do­si­metry ser­vice without ap­prov­al (Art. 66);

d.

op­er­ates a per­son­al do­si­metry ser­vice and con­tra­venes the du­ties spe­cified in Art­icles 69–71;

e.

fails to in­clude in a cus­toms de­clar­a­tion the de­tails spe­cified in Art­icle 103, or fails to de­clare or know­ingly makes a false de­clar­a­tion in re­spect of ra­dio­act­ive goods.

² Any per­son who wil­fully fails to as­sume re­spons­ib­il­it­ies im­posed in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 20 para­graph 2 let­ter b of the RPA is li­able to a fine not ex­ceed­ing 20 000 Swiss francs.

The Ra­di­olo­gic­al Pro­tec­tion Or­din­ance of 22 June 1994⁶⁴ is re­pealed.

Amend­ments to oth­er le­gis­la­tion are dealt with in An­nex 11.

¹Li­cences gran­ted pri­or to the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance shall re­main val­id un­til their re­new­al or ex­piry. The du­ties arising from a li­cence are based on the pro­vi­sions of this Or­din­ance.

²Pro­ceed­ings which are pending when this Or­din­ance comes in­to force are sub­ject to the pro­vi­sions of this Or­din­ance.

³The lim­it for the equi­val­ent dose for the lens of the eye spe­cified in Art­icle 56 para­graph 3 let­ter a ap­plies from 1 Janu­ary 2019; be­fore that date, the lim­it spe­cified in cur­rent le­gis­la­tion ap­plies.

⁴ Art­icle 43 (Li­cence hold­ers’ self-eval­u­ation and qual­ity manu­al) must be im­ple­men­ted no later than two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance.

⁵Any per­son who, when this Or­din­ance comes in­to force, holds a li­cence for a high‑activ­ity sealed source must:

a.

sub­mit to the li­cens­ing au­thor­ity, no later than two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance, the in­form­a­tion spe­cified in Art­icle 97 for the pre­par­a­tion of the in­vent­ory;

b.

in­form the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity, no later than two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance, what safety and se­cur­ity meas­ures have been defined in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 99.

⁶Any per­son who, when this Or­din­ance comes in­to force, owns an en­ter­prise where there is an in­creased like­li­hood of orphan ra­dio­act­ive ma­ter­i­als be­ing en­countered must im­ple­ment the meas­ures spe­cified in Art­icle 104 no later than three years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance and ap­ply for a li­cence for the activ­ity.

⁷Ra­dio­act­ive waste which, when this Or­din­ance comes in­to force, is already in stor­age for de­cay as spe­cified in Art­icle 117 para­graph 2 may, after a new as­sess­ment on the basis of the new clear­ance lim­its, be stored for a max­im­um of an­oth­er 30 years. The as­sess­ment must be presen­ted to the su­per­vis­ory au­thor­ity no later than two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance.

⁸The can­tons shall modi­fy the build­ing per­mis­sion pro­ced­ure with­in two years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance in such a way that it meets the re­quire­ments spe­cified in Art­icle 163 para­graph 1.

⁹Art­icle 171 (Long-term con­tam­in­a­tion fol­low­ing an emer­gency) does not ap­ply un­til three years after the com­mence­ment of this Or­din­ance.

This Or­din­ance comes in­to force on 1 Janu­ary 2018.