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Ordinance
on the Remediation of Polluted Sites
(Contaminated Sites Ordinance, CSO)

The Swiss Federal Council,

based on Article 32c paragraph 1 second sentence and Article 39 paragraph 1 of the Environmental Protection Act of 7 October 19831 (EPA),

ordains:

1 SR 814.01

Section 1 General Provisions

Art. 1 Aim and subject matter  

1 This Or­din­ance is in­ten­ded to en­sure that pol­luted sites are re­medi­ated if they cause harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances, or if there is a real danger that such ef­fects may arise.

2 It reg­u­lates the fol­low­ing pro­ced­ures for treat­ing pol­luted sites:

a.
their re­cord­ing in a re­gister;
b.
the as­sess­ment of the need for mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation;
c.
the as­sess­ment of the ob­ject­ives and ur­gency of re­medi­ation;
d.
the spe­cific­a­tion of the meas­ures for in­vest­ig­a­tion, mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation.
Art. 2 Definitions  

1 Pol­luted sitesmeans sites whose pol­lu­tion ori­gin­ates from waste, and that are re­stric­ted in area. They com­prise:

a.
waste dis­pos­al sites, i.e. in­op­er­at­ive or op­er­at­ive land­fills and oth­er sites where waste has been de­pos­ited, ex­cept for sites at which only un­pol­luted ex­cav­a­tion ma­ter­i­al, quar­ried ma­ter­i­al or spoil have been de­pos­ited;
b.
in­dus­tri­al sites, i.e. sites whose pol­lu­tion ori­gin­ates from in­op­er­at­ive or op­er­at­ive in­stall­a­tions or in­dus­tri­al op­er­a­tions in which en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances have been used;
c.
ac­ci­dent sites, i.e. sites pol­luted as a res­ult of ex­traordin­ary events, in­clud­ing in­dus­tri­al ac­ci­dents.

2 Sites in need of re­medi­ation are pol­luted sites that cause harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances or where there is a real danger that such ef­fects may arise.

3 Con­tam­in­ated sitesare pol­luted sites in need of re­medi­ation.
Art. 3 Construction and alteration of buildings and installations  

Pol­luted sites may be mod­i­fied by the con­struc­tion or al­ter­a­tion of build­ings and in­stall­a­tions only if:

a.
they are not in need of re­medi­ation and the pro­ject does not make their re­medi­ation ne­ces­sary; or
b.
their later re­medi­ation is not ser­i­ously hampered, or, in­so­far as they are mod­i­fied by the pro­ject, they are re­medi­ated at the same time.
Art. 4 General requirements for measures  

In­vest­ig­a­tion, mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation meas­ures un­der this Or­din­ance must cor­res­pond to the state of the art and be doc­u­mented by those re­spons­ible.

Section 2 Register of Polluted Sites

Art. 5 Creation of the Register  

1 The au­thor­it­ies shall identi­fy the pol­luted sites by eval­u­at­ing ex­ist­ing in­form­a­tion such as maps, re­gisters and re­ports. They may ob­tain in­form­a­tion from the hold­ers of the sites or from third parties.

2 They shall give no­tice of the con­tent of the pro­posed re­gister entry to the hold­ers and provide them with the op­por­tun­ity to state their opin­ion and to provide cla­ri­fic­a­tion. At the re­quest of the hold­ers, the au­thor­it­ies shall is­sue a de­clar­at­ory rul­ing.

3 They shall enter in the Re­gister those sites that are es­tab­lished as pol­luted in ac­cord­ance with para­graphs 1 and 2 or where there is a high prob­ab­il­ity that they are pol­luted. Where pos­sible, the entries shall con­tain the fol­low­ing in­form­a­tion:

a.
loc­a­tion;
b.
type and quant­ity of waste de­livered to the site;
c.
peri­od of dis­pos­al of waste, peri­od of op­er­a­tion, or time of ac­ci­dent;
d.
in­vest­ig­a­tions and meas­ures already taken for the pro­tec­tion of the en­vir­on­ment;
e.
ef­fects that have already been as­cer­tained;
f.
en­dangered en­vir­on­ment­al areas;
g.
par­tic­u­lar events such as waste in­cin­er­a­tion, land­slides, floods, fires or ma­jor ac­ci­dents.

4 The au­thor­it­ies shall di­vide the pol­luted sites in­to the fol­low­ing cat­egor­ies based on the in­form­a­tion con­tained in the Re­gister, par­tic­u­larly with re­gard to type and quant­ity of waste de­livered to the site:

a.
sites from which no harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances are to be ex­pec­ted; and
b.
sites re­quir­ing an in­vest­ig­a­tion as to wheth­er they are in need of mon­it­or­ing or re­medi­ation.

5 The au­thor­it­ies shall pre­pare a list of pri­or­it­ies for per­form­ing the in­vest­ig­a­tions. In do­ing so, they shall pay due re­gard to the in­form­a­tion con­tained in the Re­gister con­cern­ing the type and quant­ity of waste de­livered to the pol­luted site, the like­li­hood of sub­stances be­ing re­leased and the im­port­ance of the en­vir­on­ment­al areas af­fected.
Art. 6 Keeping the Register  

1 The au­thor­it­ies shall add in­form­a­tion on the fol­low­ing to the entry in the Re­gister:

a.
the need for mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation;
b.
the ob­ject­ives and ur­gency of re­medi­ation;
c.
the meas­ures taken or ordered by them for the pro­tec­tion of the en­vir­on­ment.

2 They shall de­lete the site entry in the Re­gister if:

a.
the in­vest­ig­a­tions show that the site is not pol­luted with en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances; or
b.
the en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances have been elim­in­ated.
Art. 6a Coordination with the structure and land use planning 2  

The au­thor­it­ies shall take ac­count of the Re­gister in their struc­ture and land use plan­ning.

2 In­ser­ted by An­nex 6 No 9 of the Waste Man­age­ment Or­din­ance of 4 Dec. 2015, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (AS 2015 5699).

Section 3 Need for Monitoring and Remediation

Art. 7 Preliminary investigation  

1 Based on the list of pri­or­it­ies, the au­thor­it­ies shall re­quire a pre­lim­in­ary in­vest­ig­a­tionto be car­ried out with­in a reas­on­able peri­od for sites in need of in­vest­ig­a­tion. This shall nor­mally con­sist of a his­tor­ic­al and a tech­nic­al in­vest­ig­a­tion, so that the need for mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation can be as­sessed (Art. 8), and the en­vir­on­ment­al haz­ard eval­u­ated (risk as­sess­ment).

2 The his­tor­ic­al in­vest­ig­a­tion shall es­tab­lish the pos­sible causes of the pol­lu­tion of the site, in par­tic­u­lar:

a.
the events and the tem­por­al and spa­tial his­tory of de­vel­op­ments at the site;
b.
the pro­ced­ures used for hand­ling en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances at the site.

3 Based on the his­tor­ic­al in­vest­ig­a­tion, a per­form­ance spe­cific­a­tion shall be pre­pared on the aim, ex­tent and meth­ods of the tech­nic­al in­vest­ig­a­tion. The per­form­ance spe­cific­a­tion shall be sub­mit­ted to the au­thor­it­ies for com­ment.

4 The tech­nic­al in­vest­ig­a­tion shall es­tab­lish the type and quant­ity of sub­stances at the site, the like­li­hood of their re­lease and the im­port­ance of the en­vir­on­ment­al areas af­fected.
Art. 8 Assessment of the need for monitoring and remediation  

1 Based on the pre­lim­in­ary in­vest­ig­a­tion, the au­thor­it­ies shall as­sess wheth­er the pol­luted site is in need of mon­it­or­ing or re­medi­ation in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 9–12. In do­ing so, they shall pay due re­gard to ef­fects caused by oth­er pol­luted sites or by third parties.

2 They shall state in the Re­gister wheth­er a pol­luted site is:

a.
in need of mon­it­or­ing;
b.
in need of re­medi­ation (con­tam­in­ated site);
c.
in need of neither mon­it­or­ing nor re­medi­ation.
Art. 9 Protection of groundwater  

1 Sub­ject to para­graph 1bis, a pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of mon­it­or­ing to pro­tect the ground­wa­ter, if:

a.
any of the con­cen­tra­tion val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 1 is ex­ceeded in the elu­ate of the ma­ter­i­al at the site;
b.
for ground­wa­ter wa­ter pro­tec­tion areas Au, the con­cen­tra­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site im­me­di­ately down­stream of the site ex­ceeds 10 % of one of the con­cen­tra­tion val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 1;
c.
for ground­wa­ter out­side wa­ter pro­tec­tion areas Au, the con­cen­tra­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site im­me­di­ately down­stream of the site ex­ceeds 40 % of one of the con­cen­tra­tion val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 1.3

1bis If after sev­er­al years of mon­it­or­ing a site, it is es­tab­lished that, con­sid­er­ing the evol­u­tion of pol­lut­ant con­cen­tra­tions and the char­ac­ter­ist­ics of the site, it is highly prob­able that the site will not need re­medi­ation un­der para­graph 2, the site is deemed no longer to be in need of mon­it­or­ing.4

2 A pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of re­medi­ation to pro­tect the ground­wa­ter, if:

a.5
po­ten­tial wa­ter pol­lut­ants ori­gin­at­ing from the site are de­tec­ted in ground­wa­ter catch­ments of pub­lic in­terest in con­cen­tra­tions that ex­ceed the de­tec­tion threshold;
b.6
for ground­wa­ter in wa­ter pro­tec­tion areas Au7: the con­cen­tra­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site im­me­di­ately down­stream of the site ex­ceeds one-half the con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 1;
c.8
for ground­wa­ter out­side wa­ter pro­tec­tion area Au s: the con­cen­tra­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site im­me­di­ately down­stream of the site ex­ceeds double the con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 1; or
d.
it is in need of mon­it­or­ing in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 1 let­ter a, and, ow­ing to in­suf­fi­cient re­ten­tion ca­pa­city, or de­grad­a­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site, there is a real danger of ground­wa­ter pol­lu­tion.

3 Amended by No I of the O of 9 May 2012, in force since 1 Aug. 2012 (AS 2012 2905).

4 In­ser­ted by No I of the O of 9 May 2012, in force since 1 Aug. 2012 (AS 2012 2905).

5 Amended by No I of the O of 22 March 2017, in force since 1 May 2017 (AS 2017 2589).

6 Amended by An­nex 5 No 5 of the O on the Pro­tec­tion of Wa­ters of 28 Oct. 1998, in force since 1 Jan. 1999 (AS 19982863).

7 In ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 29 para. 1 let. A of the O on the Pro­tec­tion of Wa­ters of 28 Oct. 1998 (SR 814.201).

8 Amended by An­nex 5 No 5 of the O on the Pro­tec­tion of Wa­ters of 28 Oct. 1998, in force since 1 Jan. 1999 (AS 19982863).
Art. 10 Protection of surface waters  

1 Sub­ject to para­graph 1bis, a pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of mon­it­or­ing to pro­tect the sur­face wa­ters, if:9

a.
any of the con­cen­tra­tion val­ues spe­cified in An­nex 1 is ex­ceeded in the elu­ate of the ma­ter­i­al at the site which is sus­cept­ible of af­fect­ing sur­face wa­ters; or
b.
in wa­ter that flows in­to sur­face wa­ters, a con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 1 is ex­ceeded for sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site.

1bis If after sev­er­al years of mon­it­or­ing a site, it is es­tab­lished that, con­sid­er­ing the evol­u­tion of pol­lut­ant con­cen­tra­tions and the char­ac­ter­ist­ics of the site, it is highly prob­able that the site will not need re­medi­ation un­der para­graph 2, the site is deemed no longer to be in need of mon­it­or­ing.10

2 For the pro­tec­tion of sur­face wa­ters, a pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of re­medi­ation if:

a.
in wa­ter that flows in­to sur­face wa­ters, the con­cen­tra­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing from the site ex­ceeds by ten­fold a con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 1; or
b.
it is in need of mon­it­or­ing in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 1 let­ter a, and ow­ing to in­suf­fi­cient re­ten­tion ca­pa­city, or de­grad­a­tion of sub­stances ori­gin­at­ing at the site, there is a real danger of pol­lu­tion of sur­face wa­ters.

9 Amended by No I of the O of 9 May 2012, in force since 1 Aug. 2012 (AS 2012 2905).

10 In­ser­ted by No I of the O of 9 May 2012, in force since 1 Aug. 2012 (AS 2012 2905).
Art. 11 Prevention of air pollution 11  

1 For the pro­tec­tion of per­sons from air pol­lu­tion, a pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of mon­it­or­ing if its in­ter­sti­tial air ex­ceeds a con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 2, and the emis­sion ori­gin­at­ing from the site reaches places that may reg­u­larly be fre­quen­ted by per­sons for longer peri­ods.

2 For the pro­tec­tion of per­sons from air pol­lu­tion, a pol­luted site is deemed to be in need of re­medi­ation if its in­ter­sti­tial air ex­ceeds a con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 2, and the emis­sion ori­gin­at­ing from the site reaches places that may reg­u­larly be fre­quen­ted by per­sons for longer peri­ods.

11 Amended by No I of the O of 22 March 2017, in force since 1 May 2017 (AS 2017 2589).
Art. 12 Prevention of pollution of the soil 12  

1 Soil that is a pol­luted site or part there­of is deemed to be in need of re­medi­ation if a sub­stance in the soil ex­ceeds a con­cen­tra­tion value spe­cified in An­nex 3. The fore­go­ing also ap­plies to soil that is already sub­ject to a re­stric­tion of use.

2 Soil that is not in need of re­medi­ation in ac­cord­ance with para­graph 1 des­pite be­ing pol­luted sites or parts there­of, and the im­pacts of pol­luted sites on soil are as­sessed in ac­cord­ance with the Or­din­ance of 1 Ju­ly 199813 on the Pol­lu­tion of Soil.

12 Amended by An­nex No II 2 of the O of 26 Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Re­medi­ation of Con­tam­in­ated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 20084771).

13 SR 814.12
Art. 13 Action of the authorities  

1 For pol­luted sites in need of mon­it­or­ing, the au­thor­it­ies shall re­quire a mon­it­or­ing plan to be drawn up and suit­able meas­ures to be taken to de­tect a real danger of harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances be­fore these be­come mani­fest. The mon­it­or­ing meas­ures shall be ap­plied un­til there is no longer any need for mon­it­or­ing in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 9–12.14

2 For sites that are in need of re­medi­ation (con­tam­in­ated sites), the au­thor­it­ies shall re­quire that:

a.
a de­tailed in­vest­ig­a­tion be car­ried out with­in a reas­on­able peri­od;
b.
the site be mon­itored un­til com­ple­tion of re­medi­ation.

14 Amended by No I of the O of 9 May 2012, in force since 1 Aug. 2012 (AS 2012 2905).

Section 4 Objectives and Urgency of Remediation

Art. 14 Detailed investigation  

1 To spe­cify the ob­ject­ives and as­sess the ur­gency of re­medi­ation, the fol­low­ing de­tailed in­form­a­tion shall be ob­tained and eval­u­ated in a risk as­sess­ment:

a.
type, loc­a­tion, quant­ity and con­cen­tra­tion of the en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances at the pol­luted site;
b.
type, load and tem­por­al de­vel­op­ment of the ex­ist­ing and pos­sible im­pacts on the en­vir­on­ment;
c.
loc­a­tion and im­port­ance of the en­vir­on­ment­al areas at risk.

2 If the res­ults of the de­tailed in­vest­ig­a­tion de­vi­ate sub­stan­tially from those of the pre­lim­in­ary in­vest­ig­a­tion, the au­thor­it­ies shall re­as­sess wheth­er the site is in need of re­medi­ation in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 9–12.
Art. 15 Objectives and urgency of remediation  

1 The ob­ject­ive of re­medi­ation is the elim­in­a­tion of im­pacts that led to the need for re­medi­ation in ac­cord­ance with Art­icles 9–12, or of the real danger of such ef­fects.

2 As re­gards re­medi­ation for the pur­pose of ground­wa­ter pro­tec­tion, de­vi­ation from the ob­ject­ive is made if:

a.
by this means the total en­vir­on­ment­al im­pact can be lessened;
b.
dis­pro­por­tion­ate costs would oth­er­wise res­ult; and
c.15
the ex­ploit­ab­il­ity of ground­wa­ter in wa­ter pro­tec­tion areas Au is guar­an­teed, or if sur­face wa­ters con­nec­ted to ground­wa­ter out­side wa­ter pro­tec­tion areas Au ful­fil the re­quire­ments of the wa­ters pro­tec­tion le­gis­la­tion re­gard­ing wa­ter qual­ity.

3 As re­gards re­medi­ation for the pur­pose of sur­face wa­ters pro­tec­tion, de­vi­ation from the ob­ject­ives is made if:

a.
by this means the total en­vir­on­ment­al im­pact can be lessened;
b.
dis­pro­por­tion­ate costs would oth­er­wise res­ult; and
c.
the wa­ters com­plies with the re­quire­ments of the wa­ters pro­tec­tion le­gis­la­tion re­gard­ing wa­ter qual­ity.

4 Re­medi­ation is deemed to be of par­tic­u­lar ur­gency if an ex­ist­ing use is im­paired or im­me­di­ately en­dangered.

5 The au­thor­it­ies shall as­sess the ob­ject­ives and the ur­gency of re­medi­ation on the basis of the de­tailed in­vest­ig­a­tion.

15 Amended by An­nex 5 No 5 of the O on the Pro­tec­tion of Wa­ters of 28 Oct. 1998, in force since 1 Jan. 1999 (AS 19982863).

Section 5 Remediation

Art. 16 Remediation measures 16  

1 The ob­ject­ive of re­medi­ation must be achieved by meas­ures that:

a.
en­able en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances to be elim­in­ated (de­con­tam­in­a­tion); or
b.
en­able the dif­fu­sion of en­vir­on­ment­ally haz­ard­ous sub­stances to be pre­ven­ted in the long term and mon­itored (se­cur­ing).

2 …17

16 Amended by An­nex No II 2 of the O of 26. Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Re­medi­ation of Con­tam­in­ated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 20084771).

17 Re­pealed by No I of the O of 22 March 2017, with ef­fect from 1 May 2017 (AS 2017 2589).
Art. 17 Remediation project  

The au­thor­it­ies shall re­quire that for con­tam­in­ated sites a re­medi­ation pro­ject be pre­pared with­in a time frame ap­pro­pri­ate to the ur­gency of re­medi­ation. This shall de­scribe in par­tic­u­lar the fol­low­ing:

a.
the re­medi­ation meas­ures in­clud­ing those for mon­it­or­ing and for waste dis­pos­al, the ef­fect­ive­ness of the meas­ures, the as­sess­ment of their res­ults and the time ex­pendit­ure;
b.
the im­pact of the pro­posed meas­ures on the en­vir­on­ment;
c.
the re­sid­ual danger to the en­vir­on­ment fol­low­ing re­medi­ation;
d.
the shares of the re­spons­ib­il­ity for the con­tam­in­ated site in cases where the per­son re­quired to carry out re­medi­ation meas­ures de­mands a rul­ing on the al­loc­a­tion of costs (Art. 32d para. 318 EPA).

18 Now: para. 4.
Art. 18 Specification of essential measures  

1 The au­thor­ity shall as­sess the re­medi­ation pro­ject. In do­ing so, it shall pay par­tic­u­lar re­gard to the fol­low­ing:

a.
the en­vir­on­ment­al im­pact of the meas­ures;
b.
their long-term ef­fect­ive­ness;
c.
the danger to the en­vir­on­ment caused by the con­tam­in­ated site be­fore and after re­medi­ation;
d.
in cases of in­com­plete de­con­tam­in­a­tion, the ex­tent to which the meas­ures may be mon­itored, av­en­ues for rem­edy­ing the de­fi­cien­cies and se­cur­ing the ne­ces­sary fund­ing for the pro­posed meas­ures;
e.
wheth­er the re­quire­ments for de­vi­ation from the re­medi­ation ob­ject­ive in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 15 para­graphs 2 and 3 are sat­is­fied.

2 On the basis of this as­sess­ment, it shall is­sue a rul­ing con­tain­ing in par­tic­u­lar:

a.
the fi­nal ob­ject­ives of the re­medi­ation;
b.
the re­medi­ation meas­ures, the as­sess­ment of res­ults and the time frame to be ad­hered to;
c.
fur­ther charges and con­di­tions for the pro­tec­tion of the en­vir­on­ment.

3 By way of ex­cep­tion and with the con­sent of the Fed­er­al Of­fice for the En­vir­on­ment (FOEN), the au­thor­ity may au­thor­ise the re­in­state­ment of con­tam­in­ated ex­cav­ated ma­ter­i­al that does not meet the re­quire­ments for the re­cov­ery of ex­cav­ated ma­ter­i­al in ac­cord­ance with Art­icle 19 of the Waste Or­din­ance of 4 Decem­ber 201519 at the loc­a­tion where the ma­ter­i­al was pro­duced, provided:

a.
by this means the total en­vir­on­ment­al im­pact can be lessened;
b.
it is proven that the re­in­stated ex­cav­ated ma­ter­i­al will not cause harm­ful ef­fects or nuis­ances or there is no real danger that such ef­fects may arise; and
c.
the loc­a­tion is mon­itored over the long term.20

19 SR 814.600

20 In­ser­ted by No I of the O of 31 May 2024, in force since 1 Ju­ly 2024 (AS 2024 253).
Art. 19 Evaluation of results 21  

Per­sons re­quired to carry out re­medi­ation meas­ures must no­ti­fy the au­thor­it­ies of the re­medi­ation meas­ures car­ried out and demon­strate that the re­medi­ation ob­ject­ives have been achieved. The au­thor­it­ies shall ex­press an ex­pert opin­ion in this re­gard.

21 Amended by An­nex No II 2 of the O of 26. Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Re­medi­ation of Con­tam­in­ated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 20084771).

Section 6 Obligation to carry out Investigation, Monitoring and Remediation Measures

Art. 20  

1 The in­vest­ig­a­tion, mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation meas­ures shall be car­ried out by the hold­er of the pol­luted site.

2 If the au­thor­it­ies have reas­on to be­lieve that the pol­lu­tion of the site was caused by the ac­tion of third parties, the au­thor­it­ies may re­quire them to carry out the pre­lim­in­ary in­vest­ig­a­tion, the mon­it­or­ing meas­ures or the de­tailed in­vest­ig­a­tion.

3 If the pol­lu­tion of the site was caused by the ac­tion of third parties, the au­thor­it­ies may re­quire these with the ap­prov­al of the hold­er to pre­pare the re­medi­ation pro­ject and per­form the re­medi­ation meas­ures.

Section 7 Final Provisions

Art. 21 Enforcement 22  

1 The can­tons shall en­force this Or­din­ance un­less it del­eg­ates en­force­ment to the Con­fed­er­a­tion.23 The can­tons shall sub­mit the in­form­a­tion re­quired in Art­icle 5 para­graphs 3 and 5 and Art­icle 6 as well as the in­form­a­tion on re­medi­ated sites re­quired by Art­icle 17 to the FOEN by the end of each cal­en­dar year.24

1bis The FOEN shall eval­u­ate the in­form­a­tion and in­form the pub­lic reg­u­larly on the pro­gress with the re­medi­ation of con­tam­in­ated sites.25

2 If fed­er­al au­thor­it­ies ap­ply oth­er fed­er­al acts or agree­ments or de­cisions un­der in­ter­na­tion­al law that re­late to the sub­ject mat­ter of this Or­din­ance, they shall also en­force this Or­din­ance. The co­oper­a­tion of the FOEN26 and of the can­tons is gov­erned by Art­icle 41 para­graphs 2 and 4 EPA; stat­utory du­ties of secrecy are re­served. If the fed­er­al au­thor­it­ies dis­pense with is­su­ing a rul­ing when spe­cify­ing re­medi­ation meas­ures (Art. 23 para. 3), they shall con­sult the can­tons con­cerned about the in­ten­ded meas­ures.27

3 The fed­er­al au­thor­it­ies shall de­term­ine the pro­ced­ures for cat­egor­ising pol­luted sites (Art. 5 para. 4), pre­par­ing the list of pri­or­it­ies (Art. 5 para. 5) and de­let­ing entries in the Re­gister (Art. 6 para. 2) after con­sulta­tion with the FOEN.28

4 They shall in­form the can­tons con­cerned of the con­tent of the Re­gister (Art. 5 and 6) at reg­u­lar in­ter­vals. These shall in­clude a ref­er­ence to the rel­ev­ant pol­luted sites in their own re­gister.

22 Amended by No II 16 of the O of 2 Feb. 2000 re­lat­ing to the Fed­er­al Act on the Co­ordin­a­tion and Sim­pli­fic­a­tion of De­cision-Mak­ing Pro­ced­ures, in force since 1 March 2000 (AS 2000 703).

23 Amended by An­nex No II 2 of the O of 26 Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Re­medi­ation of Con­tam­in­ated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 2008 4771).

24 Second sen­tence amended by No I of the O of 22 March 2017, in force since 1 May 2017 (AS 2017 2589).

25 In­ser­ted by An­nex No II 2 of the O of 26. Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Re­medi­ation of Con­tam­in­ated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 2008 4771).

26 Name in ac­cord­ance with No I of the O of 31 May 2024, in force since 1 Ju­ly 2024 (AS 2024 253). This change has been made throughout the text.

27 Amended by No I 2 of the O of 29 June 2011 on amend­ments of or­din­ances in the field of en­vir­on­ment, in force since 1 Aug. 2011 (AS 2011 3379).

28 Amended by No I 2 of the O of 29 June 2011 on amend­ments of or­din­ances in the field of en­vir­on­ment, in force since 1 Aug. 2011 (AS 2011 3379).
Art. 2229  

29 Re­pealed by No II 16 of the O of 2 Feb. 2000 to the Fed­er­al Act on the Co­ordin­a­tion and Sim­pli­fic­a­tion of De­cision-Mak­ing Pro­ced­ures, with ef­fect from 1 March 2000 (AS 2000 703).
Art. 23 Collaboration with those concerned  

1 In en­for­cing this Or­din­ance, the au­thor­it­ies shall col­lab­or­ate with those dir­ectly con­cerned. In par­tic­u­lar, they shall ex­am­ine wheth­er vol­un­tary meas­ures provided for in sec­tor­al agree­ments of the private sec­tor are suit­able for the en­force­ment of this Or­din­ance.

2 They shall en­deav­our to reach agree­ment with those dir­ectly con­cerned on the ne­ces­sary as­sess­ments and meas­ures in ac­cord­ance with the re­quire­ments of this Or­din­ance. To this end, they shall con­sult those dir­ectly con­cerned at the earli­est pos­sible time.

3 They may dis­pense with is­su­ing rul­ings if car­ry­ing out the re­quired in­vest­ig­a­tion, mon­it­or­ing and re­medi­ation meas­ures is guar­an­teed by oth­er means.
Art. 24 Deviation from procedural regulations  

De­vi­ation from the pro­ced­ures spe­cified in this Or­din­ance shall be per­mit­ted if:

a.
im­me­di­ate meas­ures for the pro­tec­tion of the en­vir­on­ment are ne­ces­sary;
b.
the need for mon­it­or­ing or re­medi­ation can be as­sessed, or the re­quired meas­ures de­term­ined, on the basis of ex­ist­ing in­form­a­tion;
c.
a pol­luted site is mod­i­fied by the con­struc­tion or al­ter­a­tion of a build­ing or in­stall­a­tion;
d.
vol­un­tary meas­ures by those dir­ectly con­cerned have an equi­val­ent ef­fect to those spe­cified in the Or­din­ance.
Art. 25 Guidelines  

In pre­par­ing guidelines for im­ple­ment­ing this Or­din­ance, the FOEN shall col­lab­or­ate with the can­tons and the in­dus­tri­al or­gan­isa­tions con­cerned.
Art. 25a Geoinformation 30  

The FOEN shall spe­cify the min­im­um geodata mod­els and rep­res­ent­a­tion mod­els for geo­graph­ic­al base data in ac­cord­ance with this Or­din­ance for which the Fed­er­al Of­fice is des­ig­nated as the spe­cial­ist au­thor­ity at fed­er­al level in An­nex 1 to the Geoin­form­a­tion Or­din­ance of 21 May 200831.

30 In­ser­ted by An­nex 2 No 11 of the O of 21 May 2008 on Geoin­form­a­tion, in force since 1 Ju­ly 2008 (AS 2008 2809).

31 SR 510.620
Art. 26 Amendment of current legislation  

…32

32 The amend­ment may be in­spec­ted in AS 1998 2261.
Art. 27 Transitional provision  

The Re­gister (Art. 5) shall be pre­pared by 31 Decem­ber 2003.
Art. 28 Commencement  

This Or­din­ance comes in­to force on 1 Oc­to­ber 1998.

Annex 1 33

33 Revised by Annex No II 2 of the O of 26 Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites (AS 20084771), No II of the O of 9 May 2012 (AS 2012 2905) and of 22 March 2017, in force since 1 May 2017 (AS 2017 2589).

(Art. 9 and 10)

Concentration values for assessing the impact of polluted sites on ground and surface waters

1 In assessing the impact of polluted sites on waters, the concentration values in the following table apply. Where no concentration values are given in the table for potential water pollutants which are polluting a site, the authority shall specify a value on a case by case basis with the consent of the FOEN and according to the provisions of the legislation on waters protection.

2 Where the assessment is based on the eluate of the material of the site, the following requirements apply to sampling, preparation of the eluates and their analysis:

a.
The number of samples and sampling points shall be chosen such that the samples are representative of the pollution of the site.
b.
The eluate shall be prepared on the basis of a test column. The elution liquid used shall be oxygen-free deionised water. This must normally flow upwards through the column at a defined rate. Prior to analysis, the eluate may normally neither be centrifuged nor filtered in a microfilter.
c.
The eluate need only be analysed in respect of those substances that are expected to occur at the site based on the historical investigation. In cases where lumped parameters only are analysed, the lowest concentration value of the individual substances shall be taken as the assessment criterion.

3 For sites with particularly heterogeneous pollution (e.g. waste disposal sites), if samples can be obtained from the seepage water, these may be regarded as equivalent to an eluate.

4 In assessing the impact of volatile substances34, the seepage water shall be regarded as equivalent to an eluate. If it is not possible to take samples of the seepage water, pollutant concentrations shall be calculated based on measurements of interstitial airconcentration.

5 An eluate test in accordance with paragraph 2 may be dispensed with if the pollutant concentration in the eluate of the material is assessable (i.e. to be above or below the concentration values) on the basis of other information, for example composition and origin of the material at the site, lumped parameters or ecotoxicological investigations, or can be calculated from total content.

6 The FOEN shall issue guidelines on sampling, preparation of eluates and their analysis, and on assessment of the impact of volatile substances.

Substance

Concentration value

Inorganic substances

Antimony

0.01 mg Sb/l

Arsenic

0.05 mg As/l

Lead

0.05 mg Pb/l

Cadmium

0.005 mg Cd/l

Chromium (VI)

0.02 mg CrVI/l

Cobalt

2 mg Co/l

Copper

1.5 mg Cu/l

Nickel

0.7 mg Ni/l

Mercury

0.001 mg Hg/l

Silver

0.1 mg Ag/l

Zinc

5 mg Zn/l

Tin

20 mg Sn/l

Ammonium**

0.5 mg NH4+/l

Cyanide (free)

0.05 mg CN-/l

Fluoride

1.5 mg F-/l

Nitrite**

0.1 mg NO2–/l

Organic substances

Aliphatic hydrocarbons:

–
Total (C5–C10)

2 mg/l

–
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

0.2 mg/l

Amines

–
Aniline

0.05 mg/l

–
4-aniline chloride

0.1 mg/l

Halogenated hydrocarbons

–
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)

0.05 μg/la

–
1,1-Dichloroethane*

3 mg/l

–
1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC)*

0.003 mg/l

–
1,1-Dichloroethene*

0.03 mg/l

–
1,2-Dichloroethene (cis and trans)*

0.05 mg/l

–
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride, DCM)*

0.02 mg/l

–
1,2-Dichloropropane*

0.005 mg/l

–
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.001 mg/l

–
Tetrachloroethene (PERC)

0.04 mg/l

–
Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)*

0.002 mg/l

–
1,1,1-Trichloroethane*

2 mg/l

–
Trichloroethene (TCE)*

0.07 mg/l

–
Trichloromethane (chloroform)*

0.04 mg/l

–
Vinyl chloride*

0.5 μg/l

–
Chlorobenzene

0.7 mg/l

–
1,2-Dichlorobenzene

3 mg/l

–
1,3-Dichlorobenzene

3 mg/l

–
1,4-Dichlorobenzene

0.01 mg/l

–
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.4 mg/l

–
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)b

0.1 μg/l

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX)

–
Benzene*

0.01 mg/l

–
Toluene

7 mg/l

–
Ethylbenzene

3 mg/l

–
Xylenes

10 mg/l

Nitro compounds

–
2,4-Dinitrophenol

0.05 mg/l

–
Dinitrotoluene

0.5 μg/l

–
Nitrobenzene

0.01 mg/l

–
4-Nitrophenol

2 mg/l

Phenols

–
2-Chlorophenol

0.2 mg/l

–
2,4-Dichlorophenol

0.1 mg/l

–
2-Methylphenol (o-cresol)

2 mg/l

–
3-Methylphenol (m-cresol)

2 mg/l

–
4-Methylphenol (p-cresol)

0.2 mg/l

–
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

0.001 mg/l

–
Phenol (C6H6O)

10 mg/l

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAK)

–
Acenaphthene

2 mg/l

–
Anthracene

10 mg/lc

–
Benz[a]anthracene

0.5 μg/l

–
Benzo[b]fluoranthene

0.5 μg/l

–
Benzo[k]fluoranthene

0.005 mg/l

–
Benzo[a]pyrene

0.05 μg/l

–
Chrysene

0.05 mg/l

–
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

0.05 μg/l

–
Fluoranthene

1 mg/l3

–
Fluorene

1 mg/l

–
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene

0.5 μg/l3

–
Naphthalene

1 mg/l

–
Pyrene

1 mg/l3

a
Detection threshold
b
PCB: the sum of the 6 congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 multiplied by the factor 4.3 must not exceed the concentration value.
c
Not normally detectable in the eluate at these concentrations.
*
To be assessed according to Paragraph 4.
**
Applies to surface waters only

34 Indicated in the table by *.

Annex 2

(Art. 11)

Concentration values for the assessment of interstitial air at polluted sites

1 In assessing the interstitial air of polluted sites, the concentration values in the following table apply. Where no concentration values are given in the table for emissions occurring at the site, e.g. odours or particles, the site is deemed to be in need of remediation if the emissions may lead to excessive ambient concentrations in accordance with the Ordinance of 16 December 198535 on Air Pollution Control.

2 For sampling and the performance of interstitial air analyses, the following apply:

a.
Samples must be taken using ground gas detectors at a number of points representative of the pollution of the site. It shall be ensured that no extraneous air is included in the samples.
b.
The interstitial air need only be analysed in respect of those constituents that are expected to occur at the site based on the historical investigation. If the analysis is confined to lumped parameters, the lowest concentration value of the individual substances shall be taken as the assessment criterion.

3 Interstitial air samples may be dispensed with if it can be demonstrated by other means that the concentration values in the interstitial air cannot be exceeded, i.e. based on precise information concerning the composition and origin of the material at the site.

4 The FOEN shall issue guidelines on sampling and on procedures for interstitial air analyses.

Substance

Concentration value

Inorganic substances

Mercury

0.005 ml/m3

Carbon dioxide

5000 ml/m3

Hydrogen sulphide

10 ml/m3

Organic substances

Petrol (free of aromatics)

500 ml/m3

Light petrol (aromatic content 0–10 by vol.-%)

500 ml/m3

Methane

10 000 ml/m3

Halogenated hydrocarbons

–
Chlorobenzene

10 ml/m3

–
1,1-Dichloroethane

100 ml/m3

–
1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC)

5 ml/m3

–
1,1-Dichloroethene

2 ml/m3

–
1,2-Dichloroethene (cis and trans)

200 ml/m3

–
Dichloromethane

100 ml/m3

–
1,2-Dichloropropane

75 ml/m3

–
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

1 ml/m3

–
Tetrachloroethene (PERC)

50 ml/m3

–
Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)

5 ml/m3

–
1,1,1-Trichloroethane

200 ml/m3

–
Trichloroethene (TCE)

50 ml/m3

–
Trichloromethane

10 ml/m3

–
Vinyl chloride

2 ml/m3

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX)

–
Benzene

1 ml/m3

–
Toluene

50 ml/m3

–
Ethylbenzene

100 ml/m3

–
Xylenes

100 ml/m3

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAK)

–
Benzo[a]pyrene

0.0002 ml/m3

–
Naphthalene

10 ml/m3

35 SR 814.318.142.1

Annex 3 36

36 Inserted by Annex No II 2 of the O of 26 Sept. 2008 on the Charge for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 20084771). Revised by No II of the O of 9 May 2012 (AS 2012 2905) and No I of the O of 14 Jan. 2015, in force since 1 March 2015 (AS 2015 317).

(Art. 12 para. 1)

Concentration values for the assessment of the need for remediation of soil

The concentration values in the table below apply in the assessment of the need for remediation of soil. Where no concentration values are given in the table for potential soil pollutants which are polluting a site, the authority shall specify a value on a case by case basis with the consent of the FOEN and according to the provisions of the legislation on the protection of the environment.

1 Sites used for agricultural or horticultural purposes

Substance

Concentration value

Inorganic substances

Lead

2000 mg Pb/kg

Cadmium

30 mg Cd/kg

Copper

1000 mg Cu/kg

Zinc

2000 mg Zn/kg

Organic substances

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

3 mg/kg

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)*

100 mg/kg

Benzo-a-pyrene

10 mg/kg

*
∑16 EPA PAHs: napthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

2 Sites in private gardens and allotments, children’s playgrounds and other facilities where children play regularly

Substance

Concentration value

Inorganic substances

Antimony

50 mg Sb/kg

Arsenic

50 mg As/kg

Lead

1000 mg Pb/kg

Cadmium

20 mg Cd/kg

Chromium (VI)

100 mg CrVI/kg

Copper

1000 mg Cu/kg

Nickel

1000 mg Ni/kg

Mercury

2 mg Hg/kg

Silver

500 mg Ag/kg

Zinc

2000 mg Zn/kg

Inorganic substances

Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons*

1 mg/kg

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)**

1 mg/kg

Aliphatic hydrocarbons C5–C10***

5 mg/kg

Aliphatic hydrocarbons C11–C40

500 mg/kg

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX)****

500 mg/kg

Benzene

1 mg/kg

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)*****

100 mg/kg

Benzo[a]pyrene

10 mg/kg

*
∑7 volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons: dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachlorethylene (PERC)
**
∑6 PCB congeners × 4.3: no. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180
***
∑C5- to C10 hydrocarbons: area of the FID-chromatogram between n-pentane and n‑decane, multiplied by the response factor of n-hexane, minus ∑BTEX
****
∑6 BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene
*****
∑16 EPA PAHs: napthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz-a-anthracene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

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