Federal Act on Copyright and Related Rights

¹Pub­lished works may be used for private use. Private use means:

a.

any per­son­al use of a work or use with­in a circle of per­sons closely con­nec­ted to each oth­er, such as re­l­at­ives or friends;

b.

any use of a work by a teach­er and his class for edu­ca­tion­al pur­poses;

c.

the copy­ing of a work in en­ter­prises, pub­lic ad­min­is­tra­tions, in­sti­tu­tions, com­mis­sions and sim­il­ar bod­ies for in­tern­al in­form­a­tion or doc­u­ment­a­tion.

²Per­sons en­titled to make cop­ies of a work for private use may also have them made by third parties sub­ject to para­graph 3; lib­rar­ies, oth­er pub­lic in­sti­tu­tions and busi­nesses that make copy­ing ap­par­at­us avail­able to their users are also deemed third parties with­in the mean­ing of this para­graph.¹

³The fol­low­ing are not per­mit­ted out­side the private sphere defined in para­graph 1 let­ter a:²

a.

the com­plete or sub­stan­tial copy­ing of a work ob­tain­able com­mer­cially;

b.

the copy­ing of works of art;

c.

the copy­ing of mu­sic­al scores;

d.

the fix­a­tion of re­cit­a­tions, per­form­ances or present­a­tions of a work on blank me­dia.

^3bisCop­ies which are made by ac­cess­ing works that are law­fully made avail­able are neither sub­ject to the re­stric­tion of private use un­der this Art­icle nor are they in­cluded in the claims for re­mu­ner­a­tion un­der Art­icle 20.³

⁴This Art­icle does not ap­ply to com­puter pro­grams.